cell structure - exam questions

Question 1

define organ

Answer 1

a group of tissues

Question 2

define organ system

Answer 2

group of organs working together to perform one or more functions

Question 3

examples of organ systems in animals

Answer 3

digestive system
circulatory system

Question 4

explain tissue culture

Answer 4

growth of cells in vitro

Question 5

conditions necessary for successful tissue culture of any two

Answer 5

sterile conditions and nutrients

Question 6

applications of tissue culture of any two

Answer 6

skin grafting
plant breeding

Question 7

explain why the image cannot be produced by a light microscope

Answer 7

mitochondria are too small to be seen using a light microscope

Question 8

name one type of animal cell that does not have mitochondria

Answer 8

red blood cell

Question 9

an animal cell will burst if placed in a concentrated sugar solution

Answer 9

false

Question 10

organs are groups of tissues with a shared function

Answer 10

true

Question 11

eukaryotic

Answer 11

contains a nucleus

Question 12

prokaryotic

Answer 12

does not contain a nucleus

Question 13

which image represents a plant tissue

Answer 13

B

Question 14

give a reason the image represents a plant tissue

Answer 14

cell wall present
all cells joined to each other

Question 15

identify structure Z

Answer 15

nucleus

Question 16

when examining cells with a microscope, name a stain you used

Answer 16

iodine

Question 17

when examining cells with a microscope, give one benefit of using a stain

Answer 17

make cells more visible

Question 18

what is the actual width of this cell

Answer 18

0.005 cm

Question 19

describe the steps taken to view these cells at x400

Answer 19

select x40 objective lens
use fine focus

Question 20

adrenaline is secreted into the blood when experiencing a threat

Answer 20

true

Question 21

plants are produces however they still need mitochondria

Answer 21

true

Question 22

neurotransmitters are transported in the blood

Answer 22

false

Question 23

a potato is a root modified to store food

Answer 23

false

Question 24

tissue culture involves growing cells on a artificial medium

Answer 24

true

Question 25

there are four bones in the middle ear

Answer 25

false

Question 26

monocotyledonous plants are almost always herbaceous

Answer 26

true

Question 27

name two types of animal tissue

Answer 27

epidermis and connective

Question 28

tissue

Answer 28

a group of cells with the same function

Question 29

how the epidermis is adapted

Answer 29

one layer thick

Question 30

how is connective tissue adapted

Answer 30

increased synthesis

Question 31

tissue culture

Answer 31

growth of cells in vitro

Question 32

another tissue application

Answer 32

plant breeding

Question 33

name a protein that has a fibrous structure

Answer 33

collagen

Question 34

where in the human body would you expect to find collagen?

Answer 34

skin

Question 35

give a role of a named mineral other than calcium which is required in plants

Answer 35

magnesium, growth

Question 36

state two reasons why water is required by living organisms

Answer 36

regulates body temperature carries nutrients and oxygen acts as a solvent

Question 37

name the metallic element present in haemoglobin

Answer 37

iron (fe)

Question 38

what type of food biomolecule may be identified by the use of benedict's or Fehling's solution

Answer 38

reducing sugar

Question 39

name molecules labeled in the cell membranes A and B

Answer 39

A - protein B - lipid

Question 40

molecules can move through cell membranes through various processes. name two such processes

Answer 40

osmosis diffusion

Question 41

suggest a reason why the organelle involved in aerobic respiration is found in different amounts in different cells

Answer 41

cells need different amounts of energy

Question 42

what term is used to describe organisms whose cells contain a nucleus

Answer 42

eukaryotes

Question 43

what term is used to describe organisms that do not have nuclei?

Answer 43

prokaryotes

Question 44

name an organelle other than the nucleus which contains genetic material

Answer 44

mitochondria

Question 45

give two features of eukaryotic cells that distinguish them from prokaryotic cells

Answer 45

possess a nucleus and mitochondria

Question 46

give one function of one named tissue found in plants

Answer 46

xylem tissue - transports water and nutrients from the roots to different part of the plant

Question 47

give one function of one named tissue found in animals

Answer 47

connective tissue - provides support and protection to the body

Question 48

state one way in which xylem tissue is adapted to carry nutrients from the roots

Answer 48

forms a continuous hollow tube

Question 49

state one way in which connective tissue is adapted to provide support and protection to the body

Answer 49

has white cells to defend body and platelets to clot the blood

Question 50

state two requirements for successful tissue culture

Answer 50

sterile conditions suitable temperature and pH

Question 51

when preparing animal cells for examination with a light microscope describe how you obtained a sample of cells

Answer 51

rubbed inside cheek with swab

Question 52

what stain did you use on the sample

Answer 52

methylene blue

Question 53

outline how you used the coverslip

Answer 53

at an angle to eliminate air bubbles

Question 54

explain why the coverslip is needed

Answer 54

to protect the sample from drying out

Question 55

describe how you examined the cells using the microscope

Answer 55

focus using coarse focus

Question 56

state function of the coarse focus

Answer 56

to focus on sample

Question 57

state a role of connective tissue

Answer 57

transports nutrients through diffusion

Question 58

give two examples of the use of tissue culture

Answer 58

plant breeding and skin grafts

Question 59

state the precise location of the cell membrane in plants cells

Answer 59

Immediately inside the cell wall

Question 60

with what type of cell do you associate membrane bound organelles

Answer 60

eukaryotic

Question 61

what corresponding term is used to describe bacterial cells?

Answer 61

prokaryotic

Question 62

what does selectively permeable mean?

Answer 62

only some substances are allowed to pass through

Question 63

why is diffusion alternatively known as passive transport

Answer 63

no or little energy required

Question 64

osmosis may be described as a 'special case of diffusion. explain why

Answer 64

movement of water

Question 65

name the structure by which amoeba gets rid of excess water that had entered by osmosis

Answer 65

contractile vacuole

Question 66

give two locations in a cell at which there is a selectively permeable membrane

Answer 66

chloroplasts and mitochondria

Question 67

what is diffusion

Answer 67

movement of molecules from area of high concentration to area of low concentration

Question 68

in the case of a named molecule, give a precise location at which it diffuses in the human body

Answer 68

oxygen passing from alveoli into blood

Question 69

explain the biological basis for the use of high salt concentration in the preservation of food

Answer 69

it reduces water activity of foods prevents them from rotting

Question 70

in the human diet zinc, iron and copper are examples of

Answer 70

minerals

Question 71

the walls of xylem vessels are reinforced with

Answer 71

ligin

Question 72

where in a cell would you expect to find phospholipids

Answer 72

membrane

Question 73

what vitamin is an example of a water-soluble vitamin

Answer 73

vitamin C

Question 74

name a disorder associated with a deficiency of the vitamin c

Answer 74

scurvy

Question 75

function of ribosome

Answer 75

protein synthesis

Question 76

the function of cell membrane

Answer 76

selectively permeable

Question 77

describe the difference in colour between the nucleus and cytoplasm when the stained cell was viewed under the microscope

Answer 77

cytoplasm paler

Question 78

an example of a protein that has a structural role is

Answer 78

collagen