Cell Structure + Function (Unit 2)

Question 1

What is the purpose of the nuclear envelope?

Answer 1

Encloses the nucleus (seperate from the cytoplasm). It is a double mebrane

Question 2

What is the pore complex (nucleus)?

Answer 2

It regulates the entry/exit of proteins + RNA + macromolecules into the nucleus

Question 3

What is nuclear lamina?

Answer 3

Protein filaments that maintain the shape and organization of genetic material

Question 4

What is the purpose of the nucleolus?

Answer 4

It synthesizes rRNA and makes units of ribosomes

Question 5

What is the function of ribosomes?

Answer 5

Protein synthesis

Question 6

Explain what is special about ribosomes

Answer 6

Not membrane bound, and can be either bound to ER or free in cytoplasm
Have a small subunit and a large subunit

Question 7

What are vesicles?

Answer 7

Sacs made of membrane

Question 8

What does the endomembrane system do?

Answer 8

Regulates protein traffic and preforms metabolic activities

Question 9

What is the pathway of the endomembrane system?

Answer 9

Nuclear envelope -> ER -> Golgi -> Lysosomes -> Vesicles + Valcuoles -> Plasma membrane

Question 10

What is the difference between the smooth and rough ER?

Answer 10

The smooth ER lacks ribosomes, and the rough ER is studded with them

Question 11

What is the endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 11

A network of membranous sacs and tubes; membrane synthesis and metabolic functions

Question 12

What is the purpose of the golgi apparatus?

Answer 12

Synthesis, sorting, modification, ssecretion of cell products

Question 13

What is the cis face of the golgi?

Answer 13

The reciving side (from ER)

Question 14

What is the trans face of the golgi?

Answer 14

The ‘shipping’ side

Question 15

What are lysosomes?

Answer 15

Digestive organelles where macromolecules are hydrolyzed
Acidic

Question 16

What is phagocytosis?

Answer 16

The engulfing of smaller organisms/food particles

Question 17

What is autophagy?

Answer 17

The recycling of cells own organic material

Question 18

What are vacuoles?

Answer 18

Maintance compartments

Question 19

What are flagellum?

Answer 19

The are for mobility (only in some ANIMAL structures)

Question 20

What are centrosomes?

Answer 20

The space where cels microtibules are initiates + pair of centreoles

Question 21

What is the purpose of the cytoskeleton?

Answer 21

To reinforce the cell shape (made of proteins)

Question 22

What are microvilli?

Answer 22

Projections that increase cell surface area

Question 23

What do peroxisomes do?

Answer 23

Specialized metabolic functions
Produce H2O2

Question 24

What are mitochondrion for?

Answer 24

Cellular respiration nd ATP generation

Question 25

What four organelles are specific to plants?

Answer 25

Central vacuole, chloroplast, plasmodesmata, cell wall

Question 26

What does the central vacuole do?

Answer 26

Storage, breakdown of wastes, hydrolysis of macromolecules

Question 27

What are chloroplasts for?

Answer 27

Photosynthesis

Question 28

What are plasmodesmata?

Answer 28

Cytoplasmic channels through cell walls that connect cytoplasms of adjacent cells

Question 29

What is the cell wall?

Answer 29

Only in plants, made of cellulose, polysaccarides and proteins

Question 30

What kingdoms are prokaryiotic?

Answer 30

Bacteria and Archea

Question 31

What kingdoms are eukariyotic?

Answer 31

Protists, funji, animals, plants

Question 32

What do all cells have?

Answer 32

Plasma membrane, cytosol, chromosomes, ribosomes

Question 33

Explain properties of prokaryots

Answer 33

- No nucleus (DNA is in a unbound region - One circular chromosome - No membrane bound organelles - 70s ribosomes - Binary fission (exchange of genetic materials)

Question 35

What is the source of oxygen produced during photosynthesis?

Answer 35

H2O