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Cell Structure + Microscopes Flashcards

(75 cards)

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1
Q

Function of Cell Membrane

A
  • flexible, outer layer
  • Selectively Permiable (lets substances in and out of the cell)
  • protects & surrounds the cell
  • communicates with other cells
  • Regulating Exchange of substances
  • Isolating Cytoplasm
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2
Q

Structure of Cell Membrane

A

Found on the surface of a cell and just inside the wall of a plant. It is a double layered membrane made of lipids and proteins.

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3
Q

What is this Organelle?

Outside Bit
A

Cell Membrane

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4
Q

Cell Wall

A
  • surrounds the cell outside the cell membrane
  • helps maintain shape, support and protection
  • rigid

Only in Plant, bacteria and fungal cells

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5
Q

What is this Organelle?

A

Cell Wall

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6
Q

Nucleus

A
  • command center of the cell, guided by DNA
  • large round organelle
  • contains genetic materia
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7
Q

Nuclear Membrane

A
  • surrounds & protects the nucleus
  • lets substance in and out of the nucleus
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8
Q

Nuclear Pores

A

Lets substances (RNA) to move between the nucleus and the cytoplasm

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9
Q

What is this Organelle? Name and Label

A

Nucleus
1. Nucleulus
2. Neclear Membrane

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10
Q

Cytoplasm

A
  • thick fluid made mostly of water and some chemicals
  • holds all organelles
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11
Q

Function of Mitochondria

A
  • releases energy
  • power plant of the cell
  • breaks down food
  • Found in large quantities
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12
Q

Structure of Mitochondria

A
  • Oval shaped.
  • Double membrane.
  • Inner fold to form structures called cristae.
  • Inside folds is known as the matrix, which contain enzymes involved in respiration.
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13
Q

What is this Organelle?

A

Mitochondria

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14
Q

Function of Lysosome

A
  • only in animal cells
  • breaks down food and cell waste
  • stores digestive enzymes
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15
Q

Structure of Lysosome

A

A round organelle surrounded by a membrane with no clear internal structure

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16
Q

What is this Organelle?

A

Lysosome

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17
Q

Function of Vacuole

A
  • storage unit
  • stores wate, food, and water
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18
Q

Structure of Vacuole

A

In animals very small and in plants very large.

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19
Q

What is this Organelle?

A

Vacuole

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20
Q

Nucleolus

A
  • Where contentrated DNA is stored
  • Makes Ribosomes
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21
Q

Function of Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

A
  • Moves food, waste, and water around the cell
  • Two types Smooth and Rough
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22
Q

Structure of Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

A

There are two types:
- Smooth ER- a system of membranes enclosing a fluid filled space.
- Rough ER- is similar but cover in ribosomes

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23
Q

What is this Organelle?

A

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

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24
Q

Rough E.R.

A
  • has ribosomes
  • makes and modifies proteins
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25
Smooth E.R.
- makes lipids - gets rid of chemicals and poisons
26
Function of Ribosomes
- make proteins - tiny, round organelles
27
Structure of Ribosomes
A very small organelle that floats free or is attached to Rough ER.
28
What is this Organelle?
Ribosomes
29
Function of Golgi Body/Golgi Apparatus
- pack up proteins in vesicles and send them out when the cell needs them - makes molecules
30
Structure of Golgi Body/Golgi Apparatus
A group of fluid filled flattened sacs.
31
What is this Organelle?
Golgi Body/ Golgi Apparatus
32
Function of Chloroplast
- helps the plant make food from sunlight - contains Chlorophyll - only in plant cells
33
Structure of Chloroplast
Surrounded by a double membrane with stacks or grana containing chlorophyll to trap sunlight.
34
What is this Organelle?
Chloroplast
35
DNA
- codes and instructions for life - very important - inside nucleus
36
RNA
- assemble proteins and modify other RNAs
37
Types of Microscopes
Three Types: - Light Microscope - Transmition Electron Microscope (TEM) - Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)
38
Properties of Light Microscopes
- Reflects light - Colour - Easy Preparation & Extremely thin specimen - Magnified up to 1000x - Can be viewed with human eye - Physical Lens
39
Porperties of Transmition Microscopes (TEM)
- Uses electrons - Black and white - Extremely difficult prep - Expensive - Magnified up to 20 millionx - More detail - Only seen with a computer - Magnetic lens - Electrons go through specimen onto image sheet underneath
40
Properties of Scanning Microscopes (SEM)
- Uses electrons - Black and white - Moderate level of prep - More detail - Good for surface detail (3D) and shape - Magnifies 5000 - 500 000x - Only seen with a computer - Magnetic lens - Specimen on image stage already to get 3D image
41
# Label
42
# Label and Name Cell
43
# Label and Name Cell
44
# Label and Name Cell
## Footnote Nucleoid can be called either Bacterial Chromosome or Free Floating DNA
45
Define LUCA
**L**ast **U**niversal **C**ommon **A**ncestor
46
Classification Kingdoms
- Animal - Plant - Fungi - Protist - Bacteria/Monera
47
# Label and Name
Cell Membrane Structure
48
Structure of Simple Carbohydrates
- Monosaccharides: single sugar molecule - Disaccharides: 2 monosaccharides linked together
49
Role of Simple Carbohydrates
Used for energy
50
Examples of Simple Carbohydrates
* glucose * fructose * sucrose
51
Structure of Complex Carbohydrates
Polysaccharides: long chains of carbohydrate molecules, composed of several smaller monosaccharides
52
Role of Complex Carbohydrates
* Long term sugar storage * Quickly broken down * Structure for Plant Cell Walls
53
Examples of Complex Carbohydrates
* Cellulose * Starch * Glycogen
54
# Name and Label
Cell Membrane Structure 2D
55
Structure of Lipids
Contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
56
Role of Lipids
* Energy Storage * Control what goes in and out of your cells * Absorb Vitamins * Make Hormones
57
Examples of Lipids
* Fats * Oils * Waxes * Steroids (cholesterol) * Phospholipids
58
Structure of Proteins in Cell Membrane
Large molecules formed by linking many amino acids
59
Role of Proteins in Cell Membrane
Responsible for most Membrane function such as specific receptors, enzymes, transport proteins
60
Nucleic Acids
* Contains many Nucleotides linked together * Nulceotides consist of sgar, phosphate and nitroge bases
61
Examples of Nucleic Acids
* DNA * RNA
62
Role of Nucleic Acids
* DNA: Contains genes, instuctions to make proteins, blue print of who you are * RNA: Takes important messages to cytoplasm so cell can do what it needs, usable form of DNA that can leave the nucleus
63
Define Philic
Loving, attracted to
64
Define Phobic
Hating, resistant to
65
Current Model of Cell Membrane
Fluid Mosaic Model
66
What does Cholesterol do to Cell Membrane?
It makes the membrane for fluid
67
What are Membrane Proteins?
Proteins embeded in Cell Membrane - Some are Integral (Embeded) - Some are periferal (sitting on top) Do the work of the membrane, such as Recognition, Receptors, and Transporters
68
Glycoprotein
Protein with sugar attached
69
Role of Glycoprotein
- Cell signalling - Cell adhesion - Cell recognition
70
What do Channel Proteins do?
Form small openings for molecules to diffuse through in Cell Membrane
71
What do Carrier Proteins do?
Binding site on protein surface, "grabs" certain molecules and pulls them into the cell
72
What do Receptor Proteins do?
Molecular triggers that set off cell responses (such as release of hormones or opening of channel proteins)
73
What do Cell Recognition Proteins do?
ID tags, to identify cells to the body's immune system
74
Phospholipid
has a head and two tails and makes the membrane bilayer
75
Membrane Proteins

Biology (3 decks)

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