Cell Structures

Question 1

CELL TYPES AND SPECIALIZATION

Cell division; produce new protoplasm

Answer 1

Cells of shoot/root tips

Question 2

Water retention; cutin and wax are barriers against fungi and insects

Answer 2

Epidermis

Question 3

Protection: produce poisons that inhibit animals from harming plants

Answer 3

Epidermal gland

Question 4

Collect solar energy by photosynthesis

Answer 4

Green leaf cells

Question 5

Collect water and minerals

Answer 5

Root epidermal cells

Question 6

Transport water, minerals, and organic molecules

Answer 6

Vascular cells

Question 7

pigments that attract pollinators

Answer 7

Petal cells

Question 8

fragrances that attract pollinators

Answer 8

Scent cells

Question 9

sugars that attract pollinators

Answer 9

Nectar cells

Question 10

indirectly involved in producing sperm cells

Answer 10

Stamen cells

Question 11

: indirectly involved in producing egg cells

Answer 11

Carpel cells

Question 12

produce sugars aromas, flavorful compounds that attract fruit-eating/seed-dispersing animals

Answer 12

fruit cells

Question 13

describes the cell
membrane as a tapestry of several types of
molecules (phospholipids, cholesterols,
and proteins) that are constantly moving.

Answer 13

The fluid mosaic model

Question 14

The movement of molecules helps the cell membrane
_____________________

Answer 14

maintain its role as a barrier between the inside
and outside of the cell environments

Question 15

properties of membrane

Answer 15

1. Growth
2. Permeability
3. Dynamic

Question 16

composition of protoplasm

Answer 16

Water, lipids, nucleic acids, proteins

Question 17

is a double-membraned organelle that
contains the genetic material
and other instructions
required for cellular
processes

Answer 17

nucleus

Question 18

structure of the nucleus

Answer 18

Chromatin: DNA and proteins
Nucleolus: Chromatin and ribosomal
subunits
Nuclear envelope: Double membrane with
pores
Nucleoplasm: semifluid medium inside the
nucleus

Question 19

Organelles ________ functions within the cell.

Answer 19

compartmentalized/divided

Question 20

are membranous
sacs in the cell that store
substances.

Answer 20

vacuoles, vesicles

Question 20

are membranous
sacs in the cell that store
substances.

Answer 20

vacuoles, vesicles

Question 21

contains enzymes that break down carbohydrates
and the cristae house protein complexes that produce ATP

Answer 21

matrix

Question 22

The inner membranes of mitochondria

Answer 22

cristae

Question 23

Group of dynamic organelles able to perform many metabolic functions such as
synthesis, storage, and export of specialized lipid molecules; storage of carbohydrates
and iron; and formation of colors in flowers and fruits.
▪Site of synthesis of amino acids: isoleucine, valine, and those that contain aromatic
rings (phenylalanine, tryptophan, and tyrosine), or are derived from aspartate (lysine,
threonine, and methionine)

Answer 23

plastids

Question 24

plastids are bounded by two membranes enclosing a fluid-filled________ that contains enzymes

Answer 24

stroma

Question 25

Membranes inside the stroma are organized into ________ that house chlorophyll

Answer 25

thylakoids

Question 26

absorbs solar energy and carbohydrates are made in the stroma

Answer 26

chlorophyll

Question 27

# plastids Store starch; considered to be leucoplasts

Answer 27

amyloplast

Question 28

# plastids Carry out photosynthesis

Answer 28

Chloroplasts

Question 29

# plastids Contain abundant colored lipids; in flowers and fruits

Answer 29

Chromoplasts

Question 30

# plastids A specific stage in the transformation of proplastids to chloroplasts; occur when tissues are grown without light

Answer 30

Etioplasts

Question 31

# plastids Colorless plastids; synthesis lipids and other materials

Answer 31

Leucoplasts

Question 32

# plastids Small, undifferentiated plastids

Answer 32

Prioplastids

Question 33

pigment droplets in chromoplast

Answer 33

Plastoglobuli

Question 34

Protein synthesis occurs at tiny organelles called ___________

Answer 34

ribosomes

Question 35

Ribosomes can be found alone in the cytoplasm, in groups called ________, or attached to the _________________

Answer 35

1. polyribosomes 2. endoplasmic reticulum.

Question 36

The endomembrane system consists of:

Answer 36

* * Nuclear envelope * Endoplasmic reticulum * Golgi apparatus * Vesicles

Question 37

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a system of membranous channels and ________

Answer 37

saccules

Question 38

is studded with ribosomes and is the site of protein synthesis and processing

Answer 38

Rough ER

Question 39

lacks ribosomes and is the site of synthesis of phospholipids and the packaging of proteins into vesicles, among other functions.

Answer 39

Smooth ER

Question 40

The ____________ consists of a stack of curved saccules; this organelle may also be involved in secretion

Answer 40

Golgi apparatus/dictyosomes

Question 41

The Golgi apparatus ________________ and ________________ from the ER, packages, processes, and distributes them within the cell.

Answer 41

1. receives protein and lipid-filled vesicles

Question 42

Numerous small spherical bodies that produces or uses the dangerous compound hydrogen peroxide.

Answer 42

microbodies

Question 43

are vesicles than contain enzymes involved in detoxifying certain by-products of photosynthesis and are found closely associated with chloroplast,

Answer 43

Peroxisomes

Question 44

involved in converting stored fats into sugars. Important organelle during germination, of fatrich, oily seeds such as peanut, sunflower, and

Answer 44

Glyoxysomes

Question 45

Clear substance found in the cytoplasm or hyaloplasm

Answer 45

Cytosol

Question 46

is a network of filaments and tubules that extends from the nucleus to the plasma membrane

Answer 46

The eukaryotic cytoskeleton

Question 47

The cytoskeleton contains three types of elements responsible for cell shape, movement within the cell, and movement of the cell

Answer 47

 Microtubules Microfilaments Intermediate filaments

Question 48

are small hollow cylinders made of the globular protein tubulin

Answer 48

Microtubules

Question 49

Microtubule assembly is controlled by the microtubule organizing center, called the ___________

Answer 49

centrosome

Question 50

# true or false Microtubules help maintain the shape of the cell and act as tracks along which organelles can move

Answer 50

true

Question 51

are ropelike assemblies of fibrous polypeptides that support the plasma membrane and nuclear envelope

Answer 51

Intermediate filaments

Question 52

provides a scaffold to organize the internal structure of the cells

Answer 52

Intermediate filaments

Question 53

occur in bundles or mesh-like networks

Answer 53

Microfilaments

Question 54

It drives cytoplasmic streaming

Answer 54

Actin -myosin interactions

Question 55

Formed from inert secretion providing strength and protection to the protoplasm inside, and where considerable metabolism occurs.

Answer 55

cell wall

Question 56

all protoplasm within a single plant

Answer 56

Symplast

Question 57

Intercellular space + cell wall = ?

Answer 57

apoplast

Question 58

Apoplast + symplast= ________

Answer 58

entire plant

Question 59

Cytoplasmic channel for intercellular communication

Answer 59

Plasmodesmata

Question 60

# true or false Fungal walls do not contain plastids of any type

Answer 60

true

Question 61

# true or false Fungal walls contain cellulose

Answer 61

false | Walls contain chitin, not cellulose

Question 62

apoplastic pathway is ______

Answer 62

through cell wall