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Botany > Tissues and Primary Growth of stems > Flashcards

Tissues and Primary Growth of stems Flashcards

1
Q

cells that divide for life of plant, can give rise to all plant structures

A

Meristem

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2
Q

Shoot system =

A

leaves + stem

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3
Q

derived from shoot and root apical meristems

A

primary plant body

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4
Q

composed of primary tissues, constitutes the herbaceous parts of a plant

A

primary plant body

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5
Q

derived from meristems other than apical meristems

A

secondary plant body

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6
Q

meristems that are found in plants that exhibit secondary growth

A

lateral meristems

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7
Q

lateral meristems give rise to ________ which are collectively called the secondary plant body

A

secondary tissues

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8
Q

woody plants have two types:

A
  • vascular cambium
  • cork cambium
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9
Q

– tips of root and
shoot
– increase in height

A

Apical Meristem

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10
Q

– cylinders within
plant body
– increase in width

A

Lateral Meristem

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11
Q

Three Basic Types of Plant Cells and Tissues Based on Cell Wall

A
  • Parenchyma
  • Collenchyma
  • Sclerenchyma
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12
Q

Thin, primary walls. Typically alive at maturity.
Many functions

A

Parenchyma

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13
Q

Unevenly thickened primary walls. Typically alive
at maturity. Provide plastic support

A

Collenchyma

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14
Q

-Primary walls plus secondary walls. Many dead at
maturity. Provide elastic support and some
(tracheary elements) are involved in water
transport

A

Schlerenchyma

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15
Q

more or less isodiametric; often dead at maturity

A

sclereids

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16
Q

long; many types are dead, other types remain alive and involved in storage

A

fibers

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17
Q

long and narrow with tapered ends; contains no perforations. Dead at maturity. Found in all vascular plants

A

tracheids

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18
Q

short and wide with rather perpendicular walls; must contains one or two perforations

A

vessel elements

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19
Q

transports sugars and other items

A

phloem

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20
Q

mainly consists of dead cells that have primary and secondary cell walls which provide support

A

schlerenchyma

21
Q

transports water and minerals through vessel elements and tracheids, which are dead at maturity and have primary and secondary walls

A

xylem

22
Q

are unspecialized cells that carry out most of a plant’s metabolism

A

parenchyma

23
Q

parenchyma cells within chloroplasts are called ________

A

chlorenchyma cells

24
Q

function of parenchyma

A

stores and assimilates food, store waste products like tannin, gums and resin

25
Q

function of collenchyma

A

provides mechanical support, manufacture sugar and starch

26
Q

arrangement of leaves on the stem

A

phyllotaxy

27
Q

true or false

In order to function properly, a tissue and tissues of an organ must contain the right cells in the proper arrangement. In order to function properly,
the tissues of an organ must be arranged correctly

A

true

28
Q

microscopic pores found on the lower epidermis of the leaf

A

stomata

29
Q

specialized cells that are used to control gas exchange; are produced in pairs with a gap between them that forms a stomatal pore

A

guard cells

30
Q

true or false

when guard cells are swollen, the stoma closes

A

false

when guard cells are swollen, the stoma opens

31
Q

true or false

when guard cells are shrunken, the stoma closes

A

true

32
Q

epidermal cells that elongated
outwards

A

Trichomes

33
Q

chemicals that compose collenchyma

A

pectin

34
Q

special property of collenchyma

A

plasticity

35
Q

special property of schlerenchyma

A

strength, waterproofing

36
Q

special property of epidermis

A

waterproofing; indigestible by bacteria, fungi, and animals

37
Q

chemicals in epidermis

A

cutin/waxes

38
Q

chemical in schlerenchyma

A

lignin

39
Q

chemicals in endodermis

A

suberin, lignin

40
Q

chemicals in cork (in bark)

A

suberin

41
Q

conducts sugar and
water to areas where it is needed

A

phloem

42
Q

Three Types of Plant Tissue

A
  • vascular tissue
  • ground tissue
  • dermal tissue
43
Q

tissue for synthesis of sugars, storage and support

A

ground tissue

44
Q

tissue for transport and support

A

vascular tissue

45
Q

tissue for protection

A

dermal tissue

46
Q

increases girth

A

secondary plant body

47
Q

primary parts of a plant

A

stem, roots, leaves

48
Q

outer layer of a stem or root in a vascular plant, lying below the epidermis but outside of the vascular bundles

A

cortex

49
Q

a small zone at the center of the stem, consisting of parenchyma cells and originating as a primary tissue from the ground meristem

A

pith

Botany (4 decks)

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