CELL STRUCTURES AND THEIR FUNCTION

Question 1

this is the basic unit of a living organism

Answer 1

cell

Question 2

where is genetic material contained inside the cell

Answer 2

nucleus

Question 3

what are the 4 cell functions

Answer 3

receiving information, manufacture, packaging, shipping

Question 4

when mRNA attaches to ribosomes, they form…

Answer 4

chains of amino acids

Question 5

what part of the cell contains the DNA blueprints and serves as the command center of the cell

Answer 5

nucleus

Question 6

this is responsible for lipid synthesis, processing of hormones, and calcium storage

Answer 6

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 7

organization points for microtubules, help in cell division

Answer 7

centrosomes

Question 8

centrosomes are comprised of…

Answer 8

centrioles

Question 9

these are cellular containers that transfer substances within and out of the cell membrane

Answer 9

vesicles

Question 10

clean up crew of the cell (for cellular waste disposal)

Answer 10

lysosomes

Question 11

this is the space between organelles that is filled with microtubules

Answer 11

cytoplasm

Question 12

generates most of the cell’s supply of chemical energy

Answer 12

mitochondria

Question 13

responsible for protein synthesis

Answer 13

ribosomes

Question 14

2 basic types of cell

Answer 14

eukaryotes/eukaryotic and prokaryotes/prokaryotic

Question 15

what cell type are animal cells

Answer 15

eukaryotic cell

Question 16

what cell type are bacteria and blue-green algae

Answer 16

prokaryotic cells

Question 17

where is genetic material stored in prokaryotic cells

Answer 17

nucleoid

Question 18

what is the main distinction between eukaryotes and prokaryotes

Answer 18

prokaryotes don’t have nuclei (nucleus)

Question 19

this regulates the transportation of materials in and out of the cell

Answer 19

cell membrane

Question 20

the cell membrane has a ___________ bilayer, embedded with ____________

Answer 20

phosophilid; protein

Question 21

what are the functions of the cell membrane

Answer 21

selective permeability, endocytosis, exocytosis, compartmentalization, storage, transport, and secretion

Question 22

what part of the cell regulates RNA synthesis

Answer 22

nucleus

Question 23

the nucleus is composed of 5 parts:

Answer 23

chromatin (inside the nucleolus), nucleolus, nucleopasm, nuclear envelope, and nuclear pores

Question 24

this is the cite for ribosomal RNA synthesis

Answer 24

nucleolus

Question 25

this is made up of coiled DNA bounded to histones

Answer 25

chromatin

Question 26

inactivated x-chromosome in female cell nuclei

Answer 26

barr body

Question 27

describe the 2 types of chromatin

Answer 27

1. euchromatin (loosely packed, light staining, active genetic material) 2. heterochromatin (tightly packed, dark staining, unused genetic material)

Question 28

a semifluid, colloidal solution in which the chromatin materials and the nucleolus are suspended

Answer 28

nucleoplasm

Question 29

a double membrane that maintains a separate milieu between the nucleoplasm and cytoplasm

Answer 29

nuclear envelope

Question 30

these vary in size and have a slit-like diaphragm that regulates what enters and leaves the nucleus.

Answer 30

nuclear pores

Question 31

Gel like substance enclosed within the cell membrane

Answer 31

cytoplasm

Question 32

TRUE OR FALSE: the cytoplasm is 50% water and is usually colorless

Answer 32

FALSE (it is 70-90% water and is usually colorless)

Question 33

what is the general term for membrane-bound and non-membrane-bound organs of the cell

Answer 33

organelles

Question 34

what are the membrane-bound organelles

Answer 34

Nucleus Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SEM) Mitochondria Golgi Apparatus Lysosomes Peroxisome Secretory vesicles Chloroplasts (plant cells) Vacuole (plant cell)

Question 35

what are the non-membrane-bound organelles

Answer 35

Ribosomes Microfilaments Microtubules Intermediate filaments Junctions Centrosomes

Question 36

what are the 3 groups of structures

Answer 36

organelles, cytoplasmic inclusions, cytoskeleton

Question 37

these are transient cellular structures that are less involved in cell metabolism

Answer 37

cytoplasmic inclusions

Question 38

these are secretory inclusions

Answer 38

enzymes, acids, proteins

Question 39

these are nutritive inclusions

Answer 39

glycogen granules, lipid droplets

Question 40

these are pigment granules

Answer 40

melanin, lipofuscin, hemosiderin

Question 41

Provides structural stability for the maintenance of cell shape

Answer 41

cytoskeleton

Question 42

Network of flatted sacs and branching tubules

Answer 42

endoplasmic reticulum

Question 43

this type of ER is granular and involved in protein synthesis; has ribosomes attached on its surface

Answer 43

rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 44

this type of ER is a network of tubular membrane structures and is involved in lipid synthesis

Answer 44

smooth endoplasmic reticulum