SENSORY SYSTEM Flashcards
(117 cards)
1
Q
2 basic groups of senses
A
special senses
general senses
2
Q
types of general senses
A
somatic senses
visceral sensesw
3
Q
what is the difference between somatic and visceral senses
A
somatic senses detect sensory information about the body and environment
visceral senses detect sensory information about pain pressure within internal organs
4
Q
these senses provide sensory information from the muscles, joints, and skin
A
somatic senses (general)
5
Q
these senses provide sensations of pain and pressure from the internal organs
A
visceral senses (general)
6
Q
SOMATIC OR VISCERAL
temperature
A
somatic
7
Q
SOMATIC OR VISCERAL
headache
A
visceral
8
Q
SOMATIC OR VISCERAL
proprioception
A
somatic
9
Q
SOMATIC OR VISCERAL
touch
A
somatic
10
Q
SOMATIC OR VISCERAL
abdominal pain
A
visceral
11
Q
SOMATIC OR VISCERAL
napaso ka
A
somatic
12
Q
what are the special senses
A
smell (olfaction), taste, vision, hearing, balance
13
Q
SOMATIC OR VISCERAL
vibration
A
somatic
14
Q
SOMATIC OR VISCERAL
itch
A
somatic
15
Q
this type of senses have receptors distributed over a large part of the body
A
general senses
16
Q
this type of senses have receptors localized within specific organs
A
special senses
17
Q
these are sensory nerve endings or specialized cells capable of responding to a stimulus by developing action potentials
A
sensory receptors
18
Q
types of sensory receptors
A
mechanoreceptors
chemoreceptors
photoreceptors
thermoreceptors
nociceptors
touch receptors
19
Q
types of thermoreceptors
A
cold receptors
warm receptors
20
Q
types of touch receptors
A
merkel disks
hair-follicle receptors
meissner corpuscles
ruffini corpuscles
pacinian corpuscles
21
Q
these are small, superficial nerve endings involved in detecting light touch and superficial pressure
A
merkel disks
22
Q
these are involved in detecting light touch and are associated with hairs
A
hair-follicle receptors
23
Q
these are receptors for fine, discriminative touch and are located deep within the epidermis
A
meissner corpuscles
24
Q
these receptors are very specific in localizing tactile sensations
A
meissner corpuscles
25
these are deeper tactile receptors that play an important role in detecting continuous pressure in the skin
ruffini corpuscles
26
these are the deepest touch receptors and are associated with tendons and joints
pacinian corpuscles
27
which touch receptor type relays information concerning deep pressure, vibration, and body movement (proprioception)
pacinian corpuscles
28
group of unpleasant perceptual and emotional experiences
pain
29
this type of pain is commonly sensed when deeper structures such as internal organs are damaged or inflammed
referred pain
30
what is referred pain
type of pain that is perceived to originate in a region of the body that is not the source of the pain stimulus
31
which sensory receptor is responsible for olfaction (smell)
chemoreceptors
32
which sensory receptor is responsible for vision
photoreceptors
33
which sensory receptor is responsible for hearing
mechanoreceptors (sound waves)
34
which sensory receptor is responsible for taste
chemoreceptors
35
which sensory receptor is responsible for balance
mechanoreceptors (gravity/motion)
36
TRUE OR FALSE
in olfaction, odorants BIND to the RECEPTORS to initiate action potentials
TRUE
37
the sequence for the neuronal olfactory pathway
olfactory buld -> olfactory tract -> olfactory cortex
38
these are sensory structures that detect taste stimuli
taste buds
39
where are taste buds located
on the surface of certain papillae on the tongue
40
types of taste sensations
sour
salty
bitter
sweet
umami
41
cranial nerves that carry taste sensations to the brain
facial nerve (anterior 2/3)
glossopharyngeal nerve (posterior 1/3)
vagus nerve (root of the tongue)
42
components of the visual system
eyes
accessory structures
sensory neurons
43
these help protect, lubricate, and move the eye
accessory structures
44
hollow, fluid-filled sphere
eyeball
45
what are the layers of the eyeball called
fibrous tunic
vascular tunic
nervous tunic
46
components of the fibrous tunic
sclera
cornea
47
firm, white connective tissue that maintains eye shape and serves as the attachment site for the extrinsic eye muscles
sclera
48
transparent anterior portion of the eye that permits light to enter the eye
cornea
49
components of the vascular tunic
iris
ciliary body
choroid
50
this is the colored part of the eye responsible for dilation and expansion of the pupil
iris
51
TRUE OR FALSE
the iris is made up of smooth muscle
TRUE
52
this contains smooth muscles attached to the periphery of the lens
ciliary body
53
what attached the ciliary body to the lens
suspensory ligmanets
54
this is the vascular network layer of the eye containing melanin-containing pigment cells
choroid
55
this layer of the eye contains most of the eye's blood vessels
vascular tunic
56
middle layer of the eye tunics
vascular tunic
57
fibrous layer of the eye
fibrous tunic
58
the innermost layer of the eye that consists of the retina
nervous tunic
59
the retina covers the posterior _____________ of the eyeand is composed of 2 layers
five-sixths
60
2 layers of the retina
outer pigmented retina
inner sensory retina
61
this retinal layer keeps light from reflecting back to the eye
outer pigmented retina
62
this retinal layer contains photoreceptors that detect light that enters the eye
inner sensory retina
63
the inner sensory retina has photoreceptor cells that include _______ and ________
rods; cones
64
what is the function of the rod photoreceptor
this functions in dim light (kase they're very sensitive) and does not provide color vision
65
what is the function of the cone photoreceptor
this requires more light than rods and provides color vision
66
small spot in the posterior retina with high resolution color vision
macula
67
the center of the macula
fovea centralis
68
this is the part of the retina where light is most focused when the eye is looking directly at an object
fovea centralis of the macula
69
the fovea centralis consists of only ________ cells/receptors
(cone or rod)
cone
70
this is the blind spot of the retina
optic disc
71
why is the optic disc considered the blind spot of the eye
cuz it doesn't have photoreceptors
72
white spot, medial to the macula thru which a number of blood vessels enter the eye and spread over the surface of the retina
optic disc
73
this is the absence of perception of one or more color
color blindness
74
TRUE OR FALSE
most forms of color blindness occur more frequently in females and are X-linked genetic traits
FALSE (this occurs more in males)
75
this is the misalignment of the two eyes (double vision)
diplopia
76
cause of diplopia
weakness of the extrinsic muscles
77
enumerate the accessory structures of the eye
eyelid
eyebrow
conjunctiva
lacrimal apparatus
extrinsic eye muscles
78
function of the eyebrows
prevents perspiration from running down the forehead into the eyes and causing irritation and help shade the eyes from direct sunlight
79
these accessory structures have associated lashes to protect the eyes from foreign objects
eyelids
80
how do the eyelids keep the eye lubricated
by spreading tears over its surfaces
81
thin transparent mucous membrane covering the inner surface of the eyelids and the anterior surface of the eye
conjuctiva
82
parts of the lacrimal apparatus
lacrimal duct
nasolacrimal duct
83
this duct produces tears and where is it located
lacrimal duct; superior lateral corner of the orbit
84
how many extrinsic eye muscles are attached to the eyeball
six
85
these are responsible for eye movement
extrinsic eye muscles
86
which muscles are located at an angle to the long axis of the eyeball
superior and inferior oblique muscles
87
six extrinsic eye muscles
superior, lateral, medial, inferior rectus muscles
superior and inferior oblique muscles
88
diplopia is also known as?
double vision
89
where are the organs of hearing and balance located in the body
ears
90
what is the tympanic membrane
eardrum
91
this part/area of the ear extends from the outside of the head to the eardrum
external ear
92
air-filled chamber of the ear medial to the tympanic membrane
middle ear
93
set of fluid-filled chambers medial to the middle ear
inner ear
94
fleshy part of the ear that collects sound waves toward the external auditory canal
auricle
95
components of the external ear
auricle
tympanic membrane
96
thin membrane that separates the external ear from the middle ear
tympanic membrane (eardrum)
97
what happens when sound waves reach the eardrum
it vibrates
98
the middle ear consists of three _______________________________ (ear bones
auditory ossicles
99
3 auditory ossicles
malleus
incus
stapes
100
auditory ossicles form a flexible bony bridge that transmits __________ from the ___________ to the ____________
vibrations; tympanic membrane; oval window
101
how many muscles are attached to the malleus to dampen loud noises
2 muscles
102
interconnecting tunnels and chambers in the inner ear within the temporal bone
bony labyrinth
103
smaller set of membranous tunnels inside the bony labyrinth
membranous labyrinth
104
the membranous labyrinth is filled with a clear fluid called ______________--
endolymph
105
the space between the bony and membranous labyrinth is filled with a fluid called _______________
perilymph
106
which nerve transmits the senses of hearing and balance to the brain
vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)
107
2 components of balance/equilibrium
static equilibrium
dynamic equilibrium
108
static equilibrium is associated with which part of the inner ear
vestibule
109
this equilibrium component is involved in evaluating the position of the head relative to gravity
static equilibrium
110
this equilibrium component is involved in evaluating changes in the direction and rate of head movements
dynamic equilibrium
111
dynamic equilibrium is associated with which part of the inner ear
semicircular canals
112
type of conjunctivitis cause by chlamydia
trachoma
113
infection of eyelash hair follicle
stye
114
nearsightedness
myopia
115
farsightedness
hyperopia
116
when cornea and lens are not uniformly curved
astigmatism
117
one or both eyes are misdirected; when eye muscles are weak
strabismus
