CELL TRANSPORT TEST

Question 1

Why are cells so tiny?

Answer 1

To maximize area:volume ratio.

(EXAMPLE: 6:1 VS 2:1)

Question 2

Phospholipid Bilayer

Answer 2

2 Layers of Phospholipids
Intracellular = Tails
Extracellular = Heads

Question 3

Phospholipids

Answer 3

Head = Polar (Hydrophilic)
Tail = Nonpolar (Hydrophobic)

Question 4

Cholesterol

Answer 4

Regulates the fluidity of the cell membrane

Question 5

GlycoPROTEINS

Answer 5

Sticks onto the PROTEINS
- Cell-Cell Recognition
- Cell Adhesion

Question 6

GlycoLIPIDS

Answer 6

Sticks onto the LIPIDS
Binds to carbohydrate receptors on cells.

Question 7

Receptor Proteins

Answer 7

They help with communication between the cell and the extracellular environment by transmitting information into the cytoplasm. (Receptor = Receptionist)

Question 8

Enzymatic Proteins

Answer 8

Carries out chemical reactions.
Think if 8th grade science chemical reactions: transform molecules into new substances, break large molecules, or build larger molecules.

Question 9

Intercellular joining proteins

Answer 9

Membrane proteins that form intercellular junctions that attach adjacent cells. (Looks like two medicine pills attached to each other)

Question 10

Attachment Proteins

Answer 10

Proteins that attach to the extracellular matrix and cytoskeleton to support the membrane and can coordinate external and internal changes.

Question 11

Channel & Carrier Proteins

Answer 11

Channel: Embedded in the cell membrane & have a pore for materials to cross
Carrier: Changes shape to move material from one side of the membrane to the other.(CARRIES TO THE OTHER SIDE)

Question 12

Sodium Potassium Pump

Answer 12

Open on intracellular side then after sodium binds to pump, changes side to push sodium onto the extracellular site, to let potassium ions to bind, and cycle repeats.

Question 13

Why are proteins are crucial to membrane function and cell transport?

Answer 13

To serve as specific receptors, enzymes, and transport proteins.

Question 14

Phosphate head

Answer 14

Polar and Hydrophillic

Question 15

Fatty acid (LIPID) tail

Answer 15

Non-polar and Hydrophobic

Question 16

Why is the cell membrane selectively permeable?

Answer 16

To only let certain things in, and certain things out.

Question 17

Active Transport (REQUIRES ENERGY)

Answer 17

Exocytosis, Endocytosis, and Sodium-potassium pump (EES)

Question 18

Passive Transport (NO ENERGY NEEDED)

Answer 18

Osmosis, diffusion, and facilitated diffusion

Question 19

Simple Diffusion

Answer 19

Doesn’t require energy
High-Low concentration

Question 20

Facilitated Diffusion

Answer 20

Doesn’t require energy
Uses TRANSPORT proteins to move high to low concentration

Question 21

Osmosis

Answer 21

Diffusion of water across a membrane.

Moves from HIGH water potential (low solute) to LOW water potential (high solute)

Question 22

Concentration Gradient

Answer 22

The gradual (GRADIENT = GRADUAL) difference in concentration of a dissolved substance in a solution from high to low water concentration.

Question 23

Water potential (high and low)

Answer 23

High H2O potential = Low solute concentration
Low H2O potential =
High solute concentration

Question 24

What are aquaporins?

Answer 24

Water Channels
Protein pores used during OSMOSIS

Question 25

Why the cell membrane is referred to as the fluid mosaic model?

Answer 25

Cell Membrane is made of many “tiles” like a mosaic, it’s also flexible = fluid

Question 26

What is homeostasis and how is cell transport related to this process?

Answer 26

Cell transport helps cells maintain homeostasis by keeping conditions within normal ranges inside all of an organism’s cells.

Question 27

What is Homeostasis?

Answer 27

The tendency toward a relatively stable equilibrium

Question 28

Isotonic

Answer 28

NO NET MOVEMENT OF H2O (equal amounts entering & leaving)

Question 29

Hypotonic/CYTOLYSIS

Answer 29

Cells swell and BURST
Hypo = Hippo = Big and water.

Question 30

Hypertonic/PLASMOLYSIS

Answer 30

Cells shrink and shrivel
Hyper = Too tired = dead and shriveled

Question 31

Exocytosis

Answer 31

Moving things out.
Exo=Exit=Large stuff moving OUT of the membrane

Question 32

Endocytosis

Answer 32

Cell Eating
Eats the cells into the membrane
Endo=Micheal afton FNAF reference = endo going INTO the human/membrane.

Question 33

Receptor Mediated Endocytosis

Answer 33

Receptors on integral proteins to recognize & take in hormones, cholesterol, etc. (LOOKS LIKE LITTLE PITCHFORKS)