MIDTERMS.

Question 1

What type of cells are YOU made of; eukaryotic or prokaryotic?

Answer 1

Eukaryotic, a cell that contains membrane-bound structures, base for multicellular organism: animals, plants, and humans as well as some unicellular organisms.

Eukaryotic cells are more complex than prokaryotic cells

Question 2

What is the basic structure of eukaryotic cells?

Answer 2

Has mitochondria, chloroplasts, the endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus, and lysosomes. They all float around in cytosol.

Question 3

What is ATP?
Where is it generated in the cell?

Answer 3

ATP: Ardenosine Triphosphate, An energy source that cells use for most of their work.
ATP is made in the mitochondria. (Powerhouse of the Cell)

Question 4

The equation for cellular respiration - what goes in and what comes out?

Answer 4

6 CO2 + 12 H2O + light —> C6H12O6 + 6 H2O + 6 O2.

Goal is to create ATP
Occurs in all living things

Question 5

Nucleus

Cleus = Claus = He goes into your…

Answer 5

Cell organelle that houses DNA and directs synthesis of ribosomes and proteins

Question 6

Mitochondria

CHONDRIA = CONJURING _____

Answer 6

The organelles in which nutrients are converted to energy.
ATP production/cellular respiration

Question 7

Ribosomes

Rib = meat = protein

Answer 7

Non-membrane-bounded organelles responsible for protein synthesis.

Question 8

Nucleic Acids

Answer 8

The storage and expression of genomic information.

Question 9

DNA

Answer 9

Deoxyriboneucleic acid found mainly in the nucleus

Question 10

Cell Membrane

Answer 10

Thin, flexible barrier that surrounds the cell and controls what goes in and out; found in animal cells

Question 11

Where are proteins made in the cell?

Answer 11

Ribosomes

Question 12

What are Proteins monomers (building blocks)?

Answer 12

Amino Acids - Consist of an amino group, carboxyl group, and a side chain - R (20 different R side chains = 20 different amino acids)

Question 13

What is the role that DNA plays in the making of a protein (amino acid sequence)

DNA= GENES

Answer 13

The main role of DNA is to carry genetic information and dictate the process of protein synthesis.

Question 14

How can a mutation in DNA affect proper protein synthesis (the making of a protein) AND its proper function.

Answer 14

When a mutation occurs in DNA, it can change the instructions for making proteins: transcription and translation.

Question 15

Phospholipid

Answer 15

A major membrane lipids that consist of lipid bilayers which acts as a barrier to protect the cell against various environmental insults.

Question 16

Proteins

Answer 16

• Helps repair and build body tissue
• Transporting materials
• Aid the immune system (antibodies)
• Structures in the cell membrane

Question 17

Cholesterol

Answer 17

A type of Lipid
-Steroids
Fat-like, waxy substance that helps your body make cell membranes, many hormones, and vitamin D. The cholesterol in your blood comes from two sources: the foods you eat and your liver.
-

Question 18

The Fluid Mosaic Model

Answer 18

Describes the structure of the plasma membrane as a mosaic of components —including phospholipids, cholesterol, proteins, and carbohydrates—that gives the membrane a fluid character

Question 19

Passive Transport

Answer 19

Movement of molecules through the plasma membrane according to the dictates of osmosis or diffusion.

Question 20

Diffusion

Answer 20

The random motion of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

Question 21

Osmosis

Answer 21

The tendency of a solvent to travel across a semipermeable membrane into areas of higher solute concentration.

Question 22

Facilitated Diffusion

Answer 22

A passive movement of particles from high to low concentration through a protein channel in a cell.

Question 23

Sodium Potassium Pump

Answer 23

A passive movement of particles from high to low concentration through a protein channel in a cell.