Karyotypes & Meiosis Quiz Study Guide Flashcards
what is a karyotype?
an individual’s complete set of chromosomes.
What is the technique used to produce a karyotype?
Karyotyping, A test that analyzes the size, shape, and number of chromosomes in a sample of cells.
How are chromosomes arranged?
Biggest to smallest, left to right. EXCEPT for sex chromosomes.
Why do we have a standard arrangement?
So you can see where there’s an abnomality
How do you determine whether an individual is biological male or female?
By their sex chromosomes
Male: XY
Female: XX
How do you determine whether an individual has an abnormality?
If they have a mutation in their chromosomes.
Why is it incorrect to think of meiosis as “mitosis x2”?
Because there is a reduced number of chromosomes and meiosis doesn’t go through interphase the second time around like mitosis.
What kind of cells are produced through Mitosis and Meiosis?
Mitosis: Daughter cells that are IDENTICAL to it’s parent
Meiosis: Four GAMETE cells
How many chromosomes are in each daughter cell for Mitosis and Meiosis?
Mitosis: 46 Chromosomes
Meiosis: 23 Chromosomes
How are the daughter cells related to the parent and to each other after Meiosis and Mitosis?
Meiosis: Four unique daughter cells (W/ half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell)
Mitosis: Two daughter cells that are genetically identical to it’s parent cell.
What are the steps of Meiosis I in order from start to finish?
PMAT
(Prophase 1/2, Metaphase 1/2, Anaphase 1/2, Telephase 1/2)
Is the starting cell of MEIOSIS diploid or haploid?
Diploid - Starts with two, ends with four.
How many cells are produced in MEIOSIS?
FOUR Haploid Cells
Are those cells produced in MEIOSIS identical or distinct? Why is this significant?
They are distinct, so there can be different unique offspring outcomes.
