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Bio 231 Lab > Cell Ultrastructure Lab 1 > Flashcards

Cell Ultrastructure Lab 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Does not take place in the Mitochondria

A

Glycolysis

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2
Q

Glycolysis converts __________into ___________to make ____ ATP.

A

glucose, pyruvate, 2

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3
Q

First step of cellular respiration is called

A

Glycolysis

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4
Q

Pyruvate is converted into ____________ and is considered the ____step.

A

Acetyl CoA, prep

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5
Q

Second step of cellular respiration that needs acetyl coa to enter matrix of mitochondria begin is _____________

A

Kreb’s Cycle

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6
Q

One molecule produced in Kreb’s cycle is ________. The other is _____. They are _______carriers. This cycle ultimately creates more _______.

A

NADH, FADH, electron, ATP

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7
Q

T/F: Electron Transport Chain does not take place in mitochondria

A

False

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8
Q

The ____________creates the most ______.

A

ETC, ATP

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9
Q

Electron transport chain takes place in the membrane of the _______. Embedded proteins that move ________around are called _________, ____________, ___________, ___________

A

cristae, electrons, complex I, complex II, complex III, and complex IV.

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10
Q

_________takes NADH and converts to _______. ________converts FADH into_______. ________are released to produce a ________gradient. Then ______synthase creates _____.

A

complex I, NAD, Complex II, FAD, electrons, hydrogen, ATP, ATP

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11
Q

Electrons must be accepted by the protein in the ETC called ______________. Electrons are transferred to the final electron acceptor which is _________. This creates______ and drives the entire reaction/process.

A

cytochrome C oxidase. Oxygen. Water.

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12
Q

This chemical can block ETC process from occurring. it competes with _______at cytochrome C

A

Cyanide, oxygen.

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13
Q

____________is a series of channels from nucleus to plasma membrane of whole entire cell. They are covered in knobby _______. therefore, it appears rough. Involved in production of _________.

A

Rough RER, ribosomes. Proteins

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14
Q

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum does not contain ____________. is involved in _____________ _____________. also ________harmful chemicals.

A

ribosomes, lipid synthesis, detoxifies.

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15
Q

sorts, packages, process substances, modifies cell products. They are __________stacks of sacs. Made up of __________(membrane bound organelles that hold products). It’s front door is called ______ face and is nearest to nucleus. products exit golgi via the back door, or _____ face.

A

Golgi Bodies, flattened, vesicles. cis, trans.

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16
Q

are part of cytoskeleton, made of microtubules. Arranged in groups of ____. They look like ______ in a micrograph. They make _______and move ____________during cell division.

A

Centrioles , 3, stars, proteins, chromosomes.

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17
Q

M is phase of cell cycle is whether we have _________________or ________________.

A

Mitosis or Meiosis

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18
Q

Separating of chromosomes is done in which phase of the cell cycle

A

M Phase

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19
Q

Time period between cell division where cell grows, uses energy, and undergoes its normal, active life. (name the phase)

A

Interphase

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20
Q

First stage of cell cycle, __________called the gap phase. Is most efficient growth period of cell. Lasts ______hours a day. the __________ is there to make sure the cell has enough nutrients to divide.

A

G1, 8-10, restriction point or G1 checkpoint

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21
Q

DNA synthesis takes place here. It takes approx. _______hours

A

S phase; 6-8

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22
Q

DNA replication produces __________strands of DNA . There are many______involved in S phase.

A

2; genes

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23
Q

Before cell can divide, need to make a ______of all the _____________

A

copy; Chromosomes

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24
Q

shortest of cell phases; checkpoint past S phase. Approx. how many hours_______.

A

G2 phase; 2-46 hours.

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25
Cell division occurs in the _______phase.
M phase
26
____Checkpoint for cell size and proper DNA replication. Regulators and genes involved as move to ___________.
G2; mitosis
27
Uncontrolled cell division causes________
Cancer
28
General body cell; example ______________cells/tissues.
Somatic cell; epithelial, muscle, nervous
29
cell involved in sexual reproduction.
gamete/sex cell/germ cell
30
when nucleus divides; can end up with one cell with _____nuclei. Example: __________muscle, which does not undergo __________.
Karyokinesis; 2; skeletal; cytokinesis
31
Cell division is called.
cytokinesis
32
_____________ comes before Cytokinesis.
Karyokinesis
33
Division of somatic cells; trying to make more of a cell; ____is divided. Start with ____chromosomes
Mitosis ; DNA; 2
34
Chromosomes are visible; nuclear membrane disappears; nucleolus disappears.
Prophase
35
Chromosomes line up across center(equator); spindle fibers attached to center of each chromosome
Metaphase
36
Sister chromatids are pulled to each side of cell; chromosomes split
Anaphase
37
chromosomes cluster in enter of each new cell. Nuclear membrane begins to form; cells begin to separate.
Telophase
38
T/F If DNA goes through s phase, it will make an exact copy of that DNA.
true
39
two daughter cells form after ____________occurs; ____number of chromosomes as parent cell occur.
cytokinesis; same
40
Count number of chromosomes by counting number of _____________.
Centromeres
41
2 centromeres would have 2 ________________
chromosomes
42
2 identical chromatids equal a
Chromosome
43
T/F Each sister chromatid has same DNA
True
44
What phase are when chromatids separate.
Anaphase
45
Cytokinesis and karyokinesis occur in which phase; end up with ___identical cells.
Telophase; 2
46
Meiosis produces ______ amount of DNA of the parent . Content is reduced from ___ sets to ___set of DNA ; fertilized egg is called __________
half; 2 to 1 ; zygote
47
__________from the sperm unite with the egg. How many chromosomes are in the sperm and egg?
chromosomes; 46 sperm; 46 egg
48
Reduces chromosomes from 46 to _____chromosomes. In _____ cell You get 1 chromosome from father, and 1 from mother.
23n; diploid
49
In ______cell there is only 1 set of chromosomes.
haploid
50
There are _____chromosome pairs in each haploid cell. A diploid cell contains _______chromosome pairs total.
23 ; 46
51
Picture of your chromosomes and Size/shape of them.
Karyotype
52
Refers to the size/shape of chromosomes
Karyotype
53
How many sets of chromosomes are in a human. how many total?
23, 46
54
What chromosome number set controls sex ?
23rd
55
y chromosome is always larger in size compared to x. T/F
False X is larger.
56
XX would be considered male. t/f
False; XY is male
57
different molecular forms of same gene
allele
58
term for genetic code for a specific protein
genes
59
BB is considered homozygous recessive t/f
F. bb is.
60
In a heterozygous genotype, the dominant allele overrules the recessive one. T/F
True
61
First step of preparing tissue for examination is to place into preservative to protect the tissue in a relatively natural state. T/F
T
62
Proper steps for tissue preparation after removal from preservative are: Dehydrate the sample, embed with parafin, then thinly slice into sections using microtome; finally removed from water placed and placed on a slide and stained for visualization. T/F
True
63
H & E staining is a common stain used for tissues; t/F. Eosin is an acidic dye used in staining t/f
T; T
64
what metal is used to stain histological slides
gold
65
t/f electron microscope uses electrons which help reflect the image from tissue.
true
66
-pepper flecks; dna that is unwound and actively used; "true dna"
euchromatin
67
unused DNA; storage form of DNA; looks like rain clouds
heterochromatin
68
Chromosome is one strand of in-active DNA, is condensed and moved/sorted in mitosis; Chromatin is active, usable form of DNA (normal functioning DNA). T/F
True
69
T/F. Nuclear pores are used for DNA to move out of nucleus.
False: RNA not DNA
70
sites of protein synthesis
ribosomes
71
t/f DNA is wound around histone proteins then supercoiled. Is histone a protein?
T; yes
72
Chromosomes are super spiraled form of DNA T/F
True
73
Point of attachment between replicated strands of DNA
centromere
74
manufactures RNA; does not have membrane
nucleolus
75
produces atp; double membrane. Does it have its own DNA? Important site of Calcium production?
mitochondrion; yes; yes
76
maternally inherited DNA takes place with this organelle. Diseases such as Leigh Syndrome, Leber's Hereditary optic neuropathy
Mitochondria
77
Cell cycle

Bio 231 Lab (3 decks)

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