Cells 1

Question 1

What does the fluid mosaic model display?

Answer 1

lipid bilayer

integral/peripheral proteins

glycoproteins

transport across membrane

Question 2

what is endocytosis?

Answer 2

taking up material from the outside and bringing it inside the cell

Question 3

what are the 3 types of endocytosis?

Answer 3

1) phagocytosis
2) pinocytosis
3) receptor mediated endocytosis

Question 4

what is phagocytosis?

Answer 4

take up of solid material from the outside to inside

Question 5

what is pinocytosis?

Answer 5

take up of water form the outside

Question 6

what is receptor mediated endocytosis?

Answer 6

taking up specific material

Question 7

What is the structure of the mitochondria?

Answer 7

outer membrane

intermembrane space

inner membrane

cristae

matrix

Question 8

what is the function of the mitochondria?

how do they stain?

Answer 8

powerhouse of the cell (ATP)

stain red, eosinophillic

Question 9

what is this?

Answer 9

mitochondria

Question 10

Mitochondrial diseases cause what mainly?

what is the primary target of mitochondrial diseases?

Answer 10

a decrase in production of ATP, increase in lactic acid

heart and brain

Question 11

what is the structure of the RER?

what is the function of RER?

Answer 11

folds studded with ribosomes

they help with glycosylation of proteins

Question 12

what is the structure of the SER?

what is the function of SER?

Answer 12

smooth folds

they help with detox and lipid synthesis, metabolism of carbohydrates

Question 13

what type of microscopy is this?

Answer 13

TEM

Question 14

how is the RNA in ribosomes stained?

Answer 14

basophilic

Question 15

what is the esosinophilic structure here?

Answer 15

mitochondria

Question 16

What is the function of the golgi complex?

Answer 16

packaging and transport (redistribution) to other parts of cell

Also helps with exocytosis

Question 17

what do lysosomes do?

Answer 17

they are in charge of degradation by enzymes

Question 18

what organelle is this?

Answer 18

lysosomes

Question 19

what is lipofuscin?

Answer 19

when material cant be degraded by lysosome and stays a while

Question 20

what organelle is this?

Answer 20

lysosome

Question 21

What is a proteosome?

Answer 21

degrade damaged or unneeded proteins by tagging them with ubiquitin

Question 22

What are 3 ubiquitin proteosome disorders?

Answer 22

astrocytomas

parkinson’s (lewy bodies)

alzheimers (amyloid)

Question 23

What is the structure indicated by the arrow?

Answer 23

peroxisomes

Question 24

What do peroxisomes do?

Answer 24

they break down very long fatty acid chains

they make myelin

Question 25

What is this structure?

Answer 25

peroxisomes

Question 26

What are the main 3 components of the cytoskeleton?

Answer 26

1) microfilaments 2) intermediate filaments 3) microtubules

Question 27

What are microfilaments made of?

Answer 27

actin dimers

Question 28

what do microtubules do?

Answer 28

hollow tubes that move organelles, vesicles and ribosomes

Question 29

What are microtubules made off?

Answer 29

alpha and beta tubulin dimers that form protofilaments (alpha is - end; beta is + end)

Question 30

towards what end is there elongation in a microtubule?

Answer 30

towards the postitive since the negative end is capped

Question 31

What are the molecular motors?

Answer 31

kinesin (form - to +; to periphery) dyenin (from + to negative; from periphery to cell)

Question 32

What structure contains a 9+2 conformation?

Answer 32

cilia

Question 33

how are microtubules in centrioles organized?

Answer 33

nine triplets

Question 34

What is actin?

Answer 34

are thin filaments of globular or filamentous protein than anchor membrane proteins.

Question 35

what do actin filaments aid in?

Answer 35

they stiffen microvilli, aiding in absorption

Question 36

What are the 5 different intermediate filaments?

Answer 36

1. tonofilaments 2. vimentin 3. desmin 4. neurofilaments 5. glial filaments

Question 37

Where do tonofilements come from?

Answer 37

from epithelium

Question 38

where does vimentin come from?

Answer 38

mesenchymal cells

Question 39

where does desmin come from?

Answer 39

from muscle cells

Question 40

where do neurofilements come from?

Answer 40

neurons

Question 41

where do glial filaments come from?

Answer 41

from glial cells

Question 42

Give an example of where do we find tonofilaments?

Answer 42

keratinizing and non-keratinizing epithelia

Question 43

Give an example of where we can find vimentin?

Answer 43

fibroblast, chondroblast, osteoblast, macrophages

Question 44

give an example of where we can find desmin?

Answer 44

striated and smooth muscle

Question 45

give an example of where we can find neurofilaments?

Answer 45

neurons

Question 46

give an example of where we can find glial filaments?

Answer 46

astrocytes