Basic tissue types

Question 1

What are the 4 basic tissue types?

Answer 1

1) Epithelium
2) Connective
3) Muscle
4) Neuronal

Question 2

what are the basic characteristics of the epithelium?

Answer 2

cells are adherent one to another

one side is anchored and onther side is free

Question 3

what are the 3 different categories of epithelium?

Answer 3

1) lining
2) glandular
3) special

Question 4

what does lining epithelium do?

Answer 4

covers the surface of the body and other tubular structures

Question 5

what does glandular epithelium do?

Answer 5

it is a secretory epithelium

Question 6

what is the funciton of any epithelium?

Answer 6

1) cover a surface
2) line tubes and body
3) secrete (wax, sweat, mucus, enzymes…)
4) absorb
5) sense
6) protect

Question 7

how is the cellular density of epithelial cells?

Answer 7

very dense

Question 8

is epithelium vascular or avascular?

Answer 8

avascular

Question 9

does epithelium have many or few nerve endings?

Answer 9

few

Question 10

does epithelium have basement membrane?

Answer 10

yes

Question 11

does connective tissue have basement membrane?

Answer 11

no

Question 12

how is the cell density of connective tissue?

Answer 12

it is low

Question 13

is connective tissue vascular or avascular?

Answer 13

vascular

Question 14

does connective tissue have nerve innervation?

Answer 14

yes

Question 15

in the basal lamina, integrins bind to what?

Answer 15

laminin

Question 16

What are the different connective tissue types?

Answer 16

Mucuous Connective Tissue

Proper Connective Tissue

Special Connective Tissue

Question 17

what are the 3 different special connective tissues?

Answer 17

Adipose

Cartilage

Bone

Question 18

what are the functions of connective tissue?

Answer 18

connect

suspend

defend

provide nutrition

repair

Question 19

What are the 2 cell of connective tissue?

Answer 19

1) Resident cells
2) Transient cells

Question 20

Give 3 example of resident cells

Answer 20

1) fibroblast
2) mesenchymal cells
3) adipocytes

Question 21

give 3 examples of transient cells.

Answer 21

1) leukocytes
2) plasma cells
3) neutrophils

Question 22

what are the 3 components of proper connective tissue matrix?

Answer 22

1) tissue fluid: aqueous solution same as blood/without protein
2) ground substance: hold water in gel form
3) fibers: structural support

Question 23

What are the 3 types of tissues in muscle?

Answer 23

1) skeletal
2) cardiac
3) smooth

Question 24

what causes contraction in muscle tissue?

Answer 24

interaction of myosin and actin

Question 25

from where does muscle tissue originate from?

Answer 25

mesoderm

Question 26

what type of tissue is this?

Answer 26

skeletal

Question 27

what are the characteristics of skeletal muscle?

Answer 27

1) multinucleated 2) striated

Question 28

what are the characteristics of cardiac muscle?

Answer 28

1) it is striated 2) has a central nucleus 3) has intercalated disks-functional syncytium

Question 29

what are the characteristics of smooth muscle?

Answer 29

1) not striated 2) elongated central nuclei

Question 30

how do nerves communicate?

Answer 30

through neurotransmitters

Question 31

what is neuronal tissue composed of?

Answer 31

neurons and glial cells

Question 32

what are nerves?

Answer 32

are a bundle of axons

Question 33

what are ganglia?

Answer 33

a collection of nerve cell bodies

Question 34

What are the 3 apical projections?

Answer 34

1) microvilli: increase surface area for absorption/secretion 2) cilia: help move material 3) stereocilia: non-motile

Question 35

what supports microvilli?

Answer 35

actin filaments

Question 36

what does spectrin do?

Answer 36

anchors actin filaments to plasma membrane and terminal web

Question 37

what cross links actin filaments?

Answer 37

fimbrin

Question 38

What are stereocilia? what do stereocilia do?

Answer 38

long microvilli absorb water in epididymus and ductus deferens mechanical receptor in ear

Question 39

What are cilia?

Answer 39

motile projections that have a 9+2 configuration its dynin arms give it motion

Question 40

What are the projections on the top shown in this image?

Answer 40

cilia

Question 41

Name a disease in which the cilia are mutated or have dyskinesia.

Answer 41

Kartageners

Question 42

What are 2 symptoms of kartageners?

Answer 42

situs inversus, respiratory distress

Question 43

What disease results from mutation of primary cilia?

Answer 43

PKD polycycstic kidney disease

Question 44

are primary cilia motile?

Answer 44

no

Question 45

What are these?

Answer 45

desmosomes

Question 46

whatare the arrows pointing at?

Answer 46

basal lamina

Question 47

What is this type of epithelium?

Answer 47

transitional

Question 48

Whare do we find transitional epithelium?

Answer 48

bladder

Question 49

What is metaplasia?

Answer 49

when you find a different epithelium than normal

Question 50

what is happening here?

Answer 50

metaplasia

Question 51

how are exocrine ducts classified?

Answer 51

1. adenomere shape 2. uni or multi cellular 3. duct description 4. product 5. method of secretion

Question 52

What is the cell with the G in it?

Answer 52

goblet cell

Question 53

what are these cells

Answer 53

goblet cells

Question 54

do exocrine glands have duct and adenomere?

Answer 54

they do

Question 55

do endocrine glands have duct?

Answer 55

no

Question 56

where do endocrine glands secrete their product?

Answer 56

into the blood

Question 57

how are ducts classified by description?

Answer 57

simple - one opening drain compound - duct branches

Question 58

how are ducts classified by product?

Answer 58

1. serous: watery 2. mucous: viscous 3. mixed: mucus and water 4. sebaceous: sebum(oily)

Question 59

how do you classify a duct by adenomere?

Answer 59

1) Tubular - secretory endpiece same size as duct 2) Acinar - enlarged rounded endpiece with pyramid cells 3) Alveolar: large, irregular secretory endpiece; holds large amount of product

Question 60

what are the different modes of secretion of ducts?

Answer 60

1) merocrine: no cytoplasm,smooth lumen 2) apocrine: apex bulges, some cytoplasm lost in secretion 3) holocrine: entire cell is the product