Cells

Question 1

What is the cell membrane made up of

Answer 1

Thin layer of lipids and proteins

Question 2

What have scientists agreed up the cell membrane model

Answer 2

The Fluid Mosaic Model

Question 3

Each phoshpholipid has ___ and ____

Answer 3

2 fatty acids and phosphate head

Question 4

Cell wall is made up of 300 ___ chain

Answer 4

Glucose

Question 5

What is the nucleus surrounded by

Answer 5

Nucleur envelope

Question 6

Nucleus gets its genetic information from __

Answer 6

DNA

Question 7

what are histones

Answer 7

Tightly wound strands of DNA coiled up with proteins

Question 8

DNA and histone proteins together are __

Answer 8

Chromatin

Question 9

What are chromosomes function

Answer 9

• unpacks DNA in cell division

* controls protein and lipid synthesis

Question 10

How many membranes does the nucleur envelope have

Answer 10

2 phoshpolipid biylayers

Question 11

What does the nucleolus store?

Answer 11

rRNA

Question 12

Why are the tubular canals in the ER important

Answer 12

Because it increases surface area; “the maze” that passes proteins through it

Question 13

Rough ER produces lipids or proteins

Answer 13

Proteins (ribosomes attached)

Question 14

Smooth ER produces lipids or proteins

Answer 14

Lipids (no ribosomes attached)

Question 15

What two identical subunits are ribosomes made of

Answer 15

small and large

Question 16

rRNA and proteins make up what?

Answer 16

Ribosomes

Question 17

Clusters of ribosomes which produce proteins for inside the cell

Answer 17

Polyribosomes

Question 18

What are the hollow tubes in the golgi apparatus called and what does each one contain?

Answer 18

Saccules contain enzymes

Question 19

What is exocytosis vs. Endocystosis

Answer 19

Leaving the cell and entering the cell

Question 20

What are vacouoles used for?

Answer 20

Storage

Question 21

What are vessicles used for?

Answer 21

Transportation of nutrients

Question 22

What type of enzymes do lysosomes have

Answer 22

Hydrolytic enzymes

Question 23

Lysosomes perform digestive processes like ___ and ___

Answer 23

Phagocytosis and pinocytosis

Question 24

How many layered membranes does the mitochondria have

Answer 24

2

Question 25

Inside of mitochondria responsible for cellular respiration

Answer 25

Cristae

Question 26

The cytoplasm of the mitochondria

Answer 26

The matrix

Question 27

How many ATP molecules are formed for every sugar in cellular respiration

Answer 27

38

Question 28

What 2 organelles are considered endosymbiotic?

Answer 28

Mitochondria and chloroplasts

Question 29

What are plastids compared to chloroplasts

Answer 29

* both are only found in plant cells * plastids gives plants their colour * chloroplast is a specific plasted which turns green through photosynthesis

Question 30

What organelle uses the opposite reaction that cellular respiration would in animal cells

Answer 30

Chloroplasts (through photosynthesis)

Question 31

Where is chlorophyll in a chloroplast located

Answer 31

Grana

Question 32

Cytoplasm of chloroplasts

Answer 32

Stroma

Question 33

Each layer within a grana is called a ___

Answer 33

Thylakoid (looks like a coin)

Question 34

What organelle is located near the nucleus, appears in pairs, and gives rise to basal bodies in animala

Answer 34

Centrioles

Question 35

What does a basal body do

Answer 35

Direct the formation of cilia and flagella

Question 36

What two things make of the cytoskeleton

Answer 36

Microtubules and actin filiaments

Question 37

What does the cytoskeleton do

Answer 37

Maintains the shape and structure within the cell

Question 38

What is each microtubule made up of

Answer 38

13 rows of tubulin proteins to make a hollow tube

Question 39

What do microfilaments do

Answer 39

Responsible for movement in and out of the cell

Question 40

What proteins make up microtubules

Answer 40

Actin or myosin proteins

Question 41

What arrangment is cilia

Answer 41

9+2 arrangment of microtubules

Question 42

What does cilia or flagella need in order to move

Answer 42

ATP (energy source)

Question 43

True or false: flagella has the same microtubule arrangment as cilia

Answer 43

True, 9+2

Question 44

What is diffusion

Answer 44

Molecules going from high to low concentration