DNA and Protein Synthesis

Question 1

What is DNA

Answer 1

a polymer of nucleotides which was formed by dehydration synthesis

Question 2

What 3 functions does DNA have

Answer 2

• controls cellular activities
• makes exact copies of itself
• undergoes mutations

Question 3

Each nucleotide is made of:

Answer 3

• pentose sugar
• phophate group
• nitrogen base

Question 4

Purines have a single or double carbon ring structure

Answer 4

Double (adenine and guanine)

Question 5

Pyrimidines have a single or double carbon ring structure

Answer 5

Single (thymine, cytosine, uracil)

Question 6

What type of helix does dna compared to rna have

Answer 6

DNA: double helix
RNA: single helix

Question 7

Each strand of nucleotides are linked together with ___ bonds

Answer 7

Hydrogen

Question 8

Purines ALWAYS have to be with

Answer 8

Pyrimidines

Question 9

True or False: the number of purines=the number of pyrimidines

Answer 9

True

Question 10

What codes for hereditary information

Answer 10

The sequence of bases in DNA and RNA

Question 11

What controls special characteristics and is located on the chromosomes.

Answer 11

Genes

Question 12

True or false: thousands of genes make up a single chromosome

Answer 12

True

Question 13

Genes always occur in ___

Answer 13

Pairs (mom and dad)

Question 14

What is cellular chemical reactions

Answer 14

Genes controlling the formation of enzymes

Question 15

Where are chromosomes located

Answer 15

In histones (tightly wound protein)

Question 16

Before a cell divides what needs to happen

Answer 16

DNA must undergo replication

Question 17

What is the new complimentary strand of DNA produced called?

Answer 17

Semi conservative replication

Question 18

The template strand of DNA that is being duplicated is called

Answer 18

Parental strand

Question 19

Why does replication need to happen before a cell divides

Answer 19

So that the daughter cell has the same genetic material of the parent (template) cell

Question 20

Name the order of DNA replication

Answer 20

1. Unzipping
2. Complementary base
3. Hydrogen Bonds form
4. Adjacent nucleotides bond

Question 21

Why do we have RNA

Answer 21

• generic material of some viruses
• necessary for protein synthesis
• could have been “original” nucleic acid

Question 22

RNA is made of:

Answer 22

• ribose (5 carbon sugar)
• phosphate group
• nitrogen base

Question 23

in RNA uracil replaces what nitrogen base

Answer 23

Thymine

Question 24

RNA is ____stranded

Answer 24

Single

Question 25

Name the 3 types of RNA

Answer 25

* rRNA (ribosomal) * mRNA (messanger) * tRNA (transfer)

Question 26

Ribosomes are made up of 2 __ subunits

Answer 26

rRNA

Question 27

mRNA is made by:

Answer 27

Copying sections of DNA template strand by transcription

Question 28

What is able to recognize a specific amino acid by its anti-codon

Answer 28

tRNA

Question 29

What is the strand that isnt read by mRNA called

Answer 29

non-sense strand

Question 30

Enzyme used is transcription

Answer 30

RNA polymerase

Question 31

Where does transceiption take place

Answer 31

Dark coloured spots in the nucleus

Question 32

Steps in transcription

Answer 32

1. DNA unzips 2. Complementary bases 3. Covalent bonds form with RNA nucleotides 4. RNA strand is released from DNA 5. DNA forms hydrogen bonds

Question 33

What is translation

Answer 33

Translating mRNA codons into a sequence of amino acids to form a primary polypeptide structure

Question 34

What is an anti codon

Answer 34

complementary sequence to the codon; found on tRNA

Question 35

Translation in 3 steps

Answer 35

1. Initiation 2. Elongation 3. Termination