Cells Flashcards
What are three tenants of the cell theory?
- All organisms are composed of cells
- Cells are the basic unit of organization and structure of living things.
- All cells came from Pre- existing cells
Which time period was the microscope invented?
1600s
Which scientist is responsible for the the word “cell” or “celluae” ?
Robert Hooke
Rudolf Vichow proposed the third tenet of the cell theory in 1855.
True or False ?
True.
Which who proposed the first 2 tenants of the cell theory and in which year?
Mathias Schleiden and Theodor Schwann.
In 1839
What are the two kinds of cell?
Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells
What are 3 difference between a Eukaryotic cell and Prokaryotic cell.
- Prokaryotes have no membrane bound organelles.
- Prokaryotes contain 70s ribosomes while eukaryotes have 80s.
- Prokaryotic cells have no nucleus
- Prokaryotic cells are 1-2 micro meter or less while eukaryotic cells are 10 - 100 micrometer
What are the two types of Eukaryotic cells and what makes them different from one another ?
Plant and Animal cells
- Plant cells have a cell wall
- Animals cell has more that one small vacuoles while plants have large one .
- Plant cells have no lysosomes nor centrioles.
Say the functions of the following parts of a multicellular cell.
- Golgi Body
- Rough and Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
- Lysosomes
- Nucleus
- Mitochondria
- Post office of the cell is responsible of the chemical modification, shipping and packaging of molecules to various parts of cell
- Transports materials within the cell this organelle is made up folded and stacked membranes.
Smooth ER responsible for lipid synthesis , regulations of calcium ions conc and destruction of materials in the liver
- single membrane organelle that break down waste materials found in the cell.
- double membrane organelle that is referred to as the control center of the cell that houses the genetic material.
- double membrane sausage shaped structure responsible for cellular respiration.
What is the endosymbiotic theory ?
Describes how eukaryotic cells evolved from a prokaryotic cell. This theory states that mitochondria was once a aerobic bacteria and chloroplast was once a Cyanobacteria that was engulfed by a larger bacteria. But instead of being digested they formed an endosymbiotic relationship.
Evidence to prove the endosymbiotic theory
- Mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA arranged in a similar way to that of a prokaryotic cell
- They have 70 ribosomes just like prokaryotic cells do.
- The size of mitochondria and chloroplast are similar to that of a prokaryotic cells
- They multiply by binary fusion just like prokaryotic cells.
Draw a nucleus
Difference between an animal cell and a plant cell?
- plant cell has cell wall
- nucleus lies on peripherals of cell while in plants cells it is centralized.
- Centrosomes are absents in plant cells and present in animal cells.
Draw a bacterial cell
What are cisternae ?
Elaborate system or folded stacked and tubular memebranes
