🧫 Cells 🔬

Question 1

What is the function of the nucleus

Answer 1

Control centre of cell

Question 2

What is a tissue?

Answer 2

A group of similarly structured cells which come together to form part of an organ

Question 3

What is a stem cell?

Answer 3

An undifferentiated cell which can divide into many cells it can also change into a number of different cells e.g. nerve cells

Question 4

What are the advantages of embryonic stem cells?

Answer 4

• it is easier to culture than adult stem cells
• it can change into a number of different cells

Question 5

What is one use of stem cells in medicine?

Answer 5

Used to treat leukaemia – blood cancer and is used in bone marrow transplants

Question 6

What are the ethical issues that cause concern in stem cell research?

Answer 6

• murder to use embryonic cells because they’re not given the chance to grow
• ignoring the rights of the embryo
• scientists are playing God
• could lead to “designer babies”

Question 7

How are stem cells used to treat leukaemia – blood cancer?

Answer 7

Bone marrow transplants

Question 8

What are the structures found in plant cells which are not found in animal cells?

Answer 8

• chloroplasts
• cellulose cell wall
• vacuole
• starch grains

Question 9

How do you calculate the magnification of a cell?

Answer 9

Length of image
Actual size x magnification

I
A. M

Question 10

What are the effect of temperature on the rate of diffusion?

Question 11

Diffusion

Answer 11

The random movement of a substance from where it is in a high conc area to a low conc area

Question 12

Where do plant stem cells form?

Answer 12

Meristems

Question 13

Cell

Answer 13

Basic building block of living organisms
🧫

Question 14

Tissue

Answer 14

Groups of cells with similar structures and functions e.g skin 🤌

Question 15

Organ

Answer 15

Groups of different tissues working together to form a structure with a particular function e.g brain 🧠

Question 16

Organ system

Answer 16

Organs organised into organ systems e.g nervous system

Question 17

Organism

Answer 17

Different organ systems make up the organism e.g person🕺

Question 18

Bone marrow transplant method

Answer 18

The stem cells in the bone marrow from a donor contain the ability to produce the different types of blood [cell in the right proportions (which doesn’t happen in leukaemia).

Question 19

Cell membrane

Answer 19

Forms a boundary to the cell and is selectively permeable, controlling what enters and leaves ✋🛡️

Question 20

Cytoplasm

Answer 20

Site of chemical reactions 🧪

Question 21

Nucleus

Answer 21

Control centre of the cell containing genetic information in the form of chomosomes; surrounded by a nuclear membrane

Question 22

Nuclear membrane

Answer 22

Boundary of nucleus; controls what enters and leaves the nucleus

Question 23

Mitochondria

Answer 23

Sites of cell respiration

Question 24

Cell wall

Answer 24

Made of cellulose- rigid structure that provides support

Question 25

Vacuole

Answer 25

Contains cell sap and provides support

Question 26

Chloroplasts

Answer 26

Contain chlorophyll; the place where photosynthesis takes place

Question 27

Plasmids

Answer 27

Small circular rings of DNA ⭕️🧬

Question 28

Resolution 🔬

Answer 28

Microscope has ability to: - preserve details when magnifying 🖼️ - see **two separate points** as **distinct entities** 🪡 🪡

Question 29

Pros of electron microscope

Answer 29

- much greater resolution than light microscopes. - higher magnification with detail preserved - (electron microscopes × 500000 compared with light microscopes × 1500).

Question 30

How an electron microscope works

Answer 30

In electron microscopes beams of electrons rather than beams of light pass through the specimen to form an image.

Question 31

Adult stem cell limit

Answer 31

Can only divide to form cells of same general type e.g bone marrow only blood cells 🦴 :🩸