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GCSE CCEA Biology Unit 1 > 🌿 Photosynthesis 🌿 > Flashcards

🌿 Photosynthesis 🌿 Flashcards

1
Q

Endothermic

A

(of a reaction or process) accompanied by or requiring the absorption of heat

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2
Q

Where photosynthesis takes place

A

In chloroplasts

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3
Q

How many simple substances photosynthesis involves combining

A

Two
- water
- carbon dioxide

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4
Q

Where is the water from in photosynthesis?

A

Soil

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5
Q

Where is the CO2 from in photosynthesis?

A

The air

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6
Q

What water and CO2 form

A

Sugar (glucose)

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7
Q

What are the by-products of photosynthesis?

A

Sugar (glucose) + oxygen

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8
Q

Where does the energy required for photosynthesis come from?

A

Sunlight

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9
Q

What traps sunlight?

A

Green pigment chlorophyll contained within chloroplasts

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10
Q

What is contained within chloroplasts?

A

Chlorophyll

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11
Q

Is photosynthesis endothermic

A

Yes

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12
Q

Photosynthesis word equation

A

CO2 + H2O —-> glucose + O
light

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13
Q

Chemical equation for photosynthesis

A

6CO2 + 6H2O ———> C6H12O6 + 6O2

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14
Q

How glucose produced in photosynthesis is used by the plant

A
  • respiration 🫁
  • storage 📦
  • made into different substances
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15
Q

How glucose produced by photosynthesis is used for respiration

A

Broken down 🧱 in respiration produce energy 🏃‍♀️

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16
Q

How glucose produced in photosynthesis is used for storage

A

Converted into starch and stored in the leaves

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17
Q

How glucose produced by photosynthesis is made into useful substances

A

Converted into cellulose for cell walls, chlorophyll and protein for growth

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18
Q

How protein is used by plants

A

Growth

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19
Q

What much of the sugar produced by photosynthesis is converted to

A

Starch for storage 📦 in leaves 🍃

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20
Q

Test for starch

A

Iodine

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21
Q

Positive starch, Iodine colour change

A

Orange to blue– black

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22
Q

What does the presence of starch in a leaf indicate?

A

Photosynthesis has taken place

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23
Q

Why is the leaf initially place in boiling water in the starch test?

A
  • kills the leaf
  • stops chemical reactions
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24
Q

Why is the leaf in the starch test transferred to boiling ethanol?

A

Remove chlorophyll

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25
Q

How do you de-starch a leaf?

A

By leaving the plant in the dark for at least two days

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26
Q

Why do you de-starch leaves before any experiments?

A
  • To ensure any starch already in the leaves is used up before the experiment
  • Therefore it’s a starch test at the end of the investigation is positive starch present must’ve been produced during the investigation
  • fair test
27
Q

What is the aim of the light experiment?

A

To discover if the light is needed for photosynthesis

28
Q

Results for light experiment

A
  • positive result for starch = carried out photosynthesis
  • no colour changed in covered part of leaf = no starch = no photosynthesis
  • light = essential to photosynthesis
29
Q

What is the control for the light experiment?

A

The covered part of the leaf

30
Q

Aim of the chlorophyll experiment

A

To discover of chlorophyll is needed for photosynthesis

31
Q

Results for chlorophyll experiment

A
  • When variegated leaf was tested for starch;
  • green =black
  • white = orange (colour of iodine)
32
Q

What do the results for the chlorophyll experiment prove?

A

Chlorophyll is essential for the process of photosynthesis

33
Q

Why is chlorophyll essential for the process of photosynthesis?

A

Absorbs light = makes energy available for photosynthesis

34
Q

What is the control for the chlorophyll experiment?

A

White part of leaf

35
Q

Variegated

A

• Botany (of a plant or foliage) having or consisting of leaves that are edged or patterned in a second colour, especially white as well as green: the variegated form of philadelphus | variegated foliage.

36
Q

Where does the process of photosynthesis take place in most plants?

A

In the leaves

37
Q

What are leaves adapted for to help with photosynthesis

A
  • Light absorption
  • Gas exchange
38
Q

Way leaves are arranged

A

Ensures each leaf can absorb as much light as possible

39
Q

Cell wall function

A
  • acts as physical defence
  • transparent allowing light through
40
Q

Why is the cell wall transparent

A

To allow light through

41
Q

Palisade mesophyll

A

Tightly packed with many chloroplasts to increase photosynthetic

42
Q

Spongy mesophyll

A

Tightly packed with many chloroplasts to increase photosynthesis

43
Q

Stomata

A

Allows gases to diffuse in and out of leaf

44
Q

Waxy cuticle

A
  • Physical defence
  • transparent
  • allows light through
  • barrier to disease causing microbes
45
Q

Xylem

A

Carries water

46
Q

Phloem

A

Carries sugar

47
Q

Air spaces purpose

A

Circulation

48
Q

Large surface area leaf adaptation, maximum light absorption

A

Maximises area for light to be absorbed

49
Q

Finley leave adaptation, maximum light absorption

A

Short distance allows cells to receive light

50
Q

Thin, transparent cuticle adaptation, maximum light absorption

A
  • Reduces water loss by evaporation
  • doesn’t stop light entering leaf 
51
Q

Lots of chloroplasts leaf adaptation, maximum light absorption

A

Pigment chlorophyll, absorbs light

52
Q

Tightly packed, palisade mesophyll

A

Ensures many cells rich and chloroplasts are packed together near upper surface

53
Q

Leaf adaptation maximum gas exchange stomata

A
  • Allow CO2 and O2 to enter and leave leaf
  • pores found on lower leaf surface
  • each one surrounded by guard cells
54
Q

Guard cell function

A

Regulate stomatas opening and closing

55
Q

Leaf adaptation, maximum gas exchange, intracellular air spaces

A
  • Allow O2 leave and CO2 enter photosynthesising cells in palisade layer
  • allows gases to circulate around photosynthesising cells
56
Q

Factors affecting photosynthesis

A
  • Levels of light and CO2
  • Water
  • Temperature
57
Q

What is the rate of photosynthesis occur in depend on?

A

Availability of raw materials and energy needed for process 

58
Q

Temperature photosynthesis

A

Affects rate of all reactions influence rate at which photosynthesis occurs

59
Q

Limiting factors of photosynthesis

A

Raw materials in short supply

60
Q

How does photosynthesis take place at its maximum rate

A

All environmental factors must be present at optimum levels

61
Q

Limits photosynthesis

A

One or more factors in short supply

62
Q

Effects of light intensity on photosynthesis

A

light intensity increase = photosynthesis increase

63
Q

Limiting factor

A

Environmental factor limits rate of photosynthesis due to factor being present in too small an amount

GCSE CCEA Biology Unit 1 (10 decks)

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