cells

Question 1

what is the cell cycle?

Answer 1

set of steps that take place in cell division

Question 2

what is an organelle?

Answer 2

part of a cell and they all take part in the cell cycle

Question 3

what cells have a fast cell cycle?

Answer 3

hair, blood, skin, digestive cells

Question 4

what are the 3 stages of the cell cycle?

Answer 4

interphase
mitosis
cytokinesis

Question 5

what is a cell?

Answer 5

the smallest functional unit of life that can function on its own

Question 6

what does semi-permeable mean?

Answer 6

only lets certain things through into the cell (oxygen and carbon dioxide)

Question 7

what is the cell membrane?

Answer 7

semi-permeable boundary between a cell
control of substance in and out of the cell
site of antigens

Question 8

what is a lipid bilayer?

Answer 8

allows small molecules through large molecules

Question 9

what is transcription?

Answer 9

a specific section of the cells DNA is ‘copied’ using a molecule of mRNA

Question 10

what is translation?

Answer 10

ribosomes take mRNA and use it as a blueprint to create a new molecule

Question 11

what are rough endoplasmic reticulums?

Answer 11

covered in ribosomes; sends proteins to destination

Question 12

what are smooth endoplasmic reticulums?

Answer 12

lacks ribosomes; detoxify cells and transport proteins

Question 13

what are golgi apparatus?

Answer 13

protein received from the ER are further processed to their destination

Question 14

what is exocytosis?

Answer 14

contents of a cells vacuole are released into the exterior

Question 15

what are lysosomes?

Answer 15

specialised vesicles that contain powerful enzymes

Question 16

what do mitochondria do?

Answer 16

generate energy for their host cell using the process of aerobic respiration

Question 17

what does aerobic respiration produce?

Answer 17

uses glucose molecules and oxygen to generate ATP

Question 18

what are 4 types of filament in the cytoskeleton?

Answer 18

actin, intermediate, microtubles, centrioles

Question 19

what are actin/microfilaments?

Answer 19

fine thread like structures allowing the cell to change shape and contract

Question 20

what are intermediate filaments?

Answer 20

slightly thicker and provide tensile strength

Question 21

what are microtubules?

Answer 21

hollow tubes act as a scaffold for the cell and provide sets of ‘tracks’ for organelles and vesicles to move along

Question 22

what are centrioles?

Answer 22

organise the cells microbes and also produce the cilia and flagella in cells which feature them

Question 23

what is diffusion?

Answer 23

the movement of particles from an area of high to low concentration

Question 24

what is osmosis?

Answer 24

the net movement of water from an area of high to low water potential

Question 25

what is facilitated diffusion?

Answer 25

happens by channel or carrier proteins

Question 26

what is a eukaryotic cell?

Answer 26

plant, yeast, animal

Question 27

what is a prokaryotic cell?

Answer 27

bacteria

Question 28

what is the specialised function of the ova?

Answer 28

Cytoplasm contains nutrients for growth of the developing embryo. Zona pellucidia (barrier to prevent sperm) Corona Radiata (supply nutrients to cell)

Question 29

what is the specialised function of sperm cells?

Answer 29

fertilisation of the female egg

Question 30

what is the specialised function of neurone cells?

Answer 30

responsible for transmitting electrical and chemical signals in the nervous system

Question 31

what are the specialised function of squamous epithelial cells?

Answer 31

boundary cells single layer (capillaries) or multiple layers (skin) flat, scale shaped

Question 32

what is the specialised function of striated muscle cells?

Answer 32

long multi-nucleated cells attached to bone by tendons under conscious control contract

Question 33

what is chromatin?

Answer 33

long entangled structures of chromosomes

Question 34

what are chromosomes?

Answer 34

chromatin condenses to make chromosomes which consist of DNA

Question 35

why do cells need to divide?

Answer 35

to replace dead cells for growth and repair