Cells 2.1-2.3 and 2.10-2.11

Question 1

Turgor Pressure

Answer 1

Pressure from water against cell wall

Question 2

Lysosomes

Answer 2

membrane, enclosed sacs that contain hydrolytic enzymes

Question 3

Lysosomes are important for

Answer 3

1. intracellular digestion
2. the recycling of a cells organic materials
3. programmed cell death (apoptis)

Question 4

Common function of Mitochondria and chloroplasts

Answer 4

energy transducers

Question 5

Mitochondria

Answer 5

-takes chemical (food) energy and synthesizes it into ATP energy
-contains DNA and ribosomes

Question 6

Outer Membrane of Mitochondria (OMM)

Answer 6

Smooth

Question 7

Inner Membrane of Mitochondria (IMM)

Answer 7

-High convoluted (folds)
-the folds increase surface area for more enzymes which allows for more ATP to be made

Question 8

Krebs Cycle (citric acid cycle)

Answer 8

generation of electrons that are used to make NADH and FADH, in the mitochondira

Question 9

Where do NADH and FADH drop there electrons?

Answer 9

In the Electron Transport Chain (In the IMM) where it will then synthesize ATP

Question 10

Simmilarties between Prokaryotic cells and Eukaryotic cells

Answer 10

-DNA
-Ribosomes
-cytoplasms
-membrane

Question 11

Simmilarties between Prokaryotic cells and Eukaryotic cells

Question 12

Differences between Prokaryotic cells and Eukaryotic cells

Answer 12

Prokarotes:
- have nucleoid (where DNA is stored)
-compartment less
Eukaryotes:
-endomembrame system
-compartmentalization

Question 13

Chloroplasts

Answer 13

-double outermembrane
-intermembrane space

Question 14

Inner membrane of Chloroplasts

Answer 14

-thylakoids
-orgnaized into stacks called grana
-single stack is granum
multistacks are grana

Question 15

Stroma

Answer 15

fluid between inner membrane and grana

Question 16

Calvin Cycle

Answer 16

• Happens in stroma
• produces NADP + and ADP
• CO2 becomes CH20 (sugar)
• in chloroplasts

Question 17

Photosystem

Answer 17

-organization of chlorophyll
-embedded in the internal membranes of chloroplasts (thylakoids)

Question 18

light reaction

Answer 18

• happen in grana
• produces ATP and NADPH
• H2O becomes O2

Question 19

Free Ribosomes

Answer 19

make protein that stays in cell

Question 20

Bound Ribosomes

Answer 20

make protein that leaves thee cell

Question 21

Cilia

Answer 21

-hair like
-helps movement and move food

Question 22

Surface Area

Answer 22

Cell Membrane

Question 23

Volume

Answer 23

Cytoplasm

Question 24

Smaller cells are

Answer 24

more favorable due to there surface area - to - volume ratio being better for exchange of material with the environment

Question 25

As cells increase in volume...

Answer 25

the relative surface area decreases and the demand for internal resources increases

Question 26

Surface area-to-volume ratios affect the ability of a biological system to

Answer 26

-obtain necessary resources -eliminate waste products -acquire or dissipate thermal energy - exchange chemicals and energy with the environment

Question 27

Ribosome

Answer 27

synthesize protein according to mRNA sequence and the instructions that are encoded in that genome of the cell

Question 28

ER

Answer 28

network of membrane tubes within the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells

Question 29

Rough ER

Answer 29

-Has ribosomes attached to its membrane -compartmentalizes the cell -associated with packing the newly synthesized protein's made by attached ribosomes for possible export from the cell

Question 30

Smooth ER

Answer 30

Detoxifies and lipid synthesis

Question 31

Golgi Complex

Answer 31

-series of flattened membrane bound sacs in eukaryotes -correct folding and chemical modification of newly synthesized protein's and packing for protein trafficking

Question 32

Vacuole

Answer 32

-storage and release of water, macro molecules and cellular waste products - it aids retention of water for turgor pressure in plants

Question 33

Cells are typically small due to...

Answer 33

moving materials (such as nutrients and waste) in and out of the cells gets more difficult as the cell gets larger

Question 34

As cells ____, the relative surface area ___

Answer 34

increase, decreases