UNIT 1

Question 1

How does water’s polarity result in cohesion and
adhesion through hydrogen bond interactions?

Answer 1

the uneven distribution of electrons within the molecule creates creates a slightly positive charge on the hydrogen atoms and a slightly negative charge on the oxygen atom allowing water molecules to form hydrogen bonds through adhesion and cohesion.

Question 2

Why is ice less dense than water

Answer 2

the hydrogen bonds are able to form more causing the water molecules to expand which lowers the density

Question 3

why does water have a high specific heat

Answer 3

It takes a lot of heat to break the hydrogen bonds and when hydrogen bonds form heat is released.Also on the other hand it takes energy to form hydrogen bonds.

Question 4

hydrophilic

Answer 4

molecules that have an affinity (natural attraction) to water

having polar bonds makes molecules hydrophilic

Question 5

hydrophobic

Answer 5

molecules that do NOT have an affinity (natural attraction) to water.

having no polar bonds makes molecules hydrophobic

Question 6

What makes water a versatile solvent

Answer 6

it is polar and adhesive so it works with other polar molecules and adhesion allows water to attract other molecules

Question 7

Why does water allow capillary action to happen

Answer 7

Walls of roots pull up the water molecules due to adhesion. Once Pulled up the rest of the molecules are also pulled up like a chain due to cohesion.

Question 7

Elements in Carbohydrates

Answer 7

Always contains carbon

Question 7

what are the 4 main properties of water?

Answer 7

-ice is less dense than water
-water has a high specific heat
-water is a versatile solvent
-capillary action

Question 8

Elements in Lipids

Answer 8

Always contains carbon, can contains phosphorus

Question 9

Elements in Proteins

Answer 9

Always contains carbon, always contains nitrogen, generally contains sulfur

Question 9

Elements in Nucleic Acids

Answer 9

Always contains carbon, could contains phosphorus, always contains nitrogen

Question 10

Monomer and Polymer for Carbohydrates

Answer 10

Monomer - Monosaccharide
Polymer - polysaccharides

Question 11

Monomer and Polymer for Proteins

Answer 11

Monomer - Amino Acids
Polymer - Polypeptides

Question 12

hydrolysis

Answer 12

breaks covalent bonds in polymers to form monomers

Question 13

what is glycosidic linkage

Answer 13

It is a covalent bond Carbohydrate monomers

Question 13

dehydration synthesis

Answer 13

forms covalent bonds between monomers to form polymers

Question 14

4 organic compounds

Answer 14

-Carbohydrates
-Proteins
-Lipids
-Nucleic Acids

Question 15

What is a peptide bond

Answer 15

Covalent bond between protein monomers

Question 16

What is an ester linkage

Answer 16

covalent bond between lipids

Question 17

3 types of Polly saccharides

Answer 17

starch, glycogen and cellulose

Question 18

Things that happen in affect to change in diet

Answer 18

-growth
-reproduction
-maintain organization

Question 19

in order to add another Amino acid to a protein what end must it meet at

Answer 19

the carboxyl end

Question 20

glyco means?

Answer 20

sugar

Question 21

starch is

Answer 21

a carbohydrate, extra sugar in plants

Question 22

glycogen is

Answer 22

a carbohydrate, excess sugar in animals

Question 23

cellulose is

Answer 23

a carbohydrate, structure of plant cell

Question 24

what is a saturated fat?

Answer 24

easily solidify, no double bonds in the fatty acid

Question 24

what is an unsaturated fat?

Answer 24

don't easily solidify, double bond in the fatty acid

Question 24

Phospholipid

Answer 24

makes up cell membrane

Question 25

2 main functions of lipids

Answer 25

-stores energy -makes up cell membrane

Question 26

The head of a lipid is _____, the tail of a lipid is ________

Answer 26

hydrophilic, hydrophobic

Question 27

What does DNA do

Answer 27

the instruction to make protein

Question 28

What does RNA do

Answer 28

actually makes the protein

Question 29

Monomer and Polymer for Nucleic acids

Answer 29

Monomer - Nucleotides Polymer - DNA and RNA

Question 30

Monomer and Polymer for Lipids

Answer 30

Monomer - fatty acids and glycerol Polymer - Fats and phospholipids

Question 31

3 parts to a Nucleic Acids

Answer 31

-Phosphate group -5 carbon sugar -Nitrogenous base

Question 32

the 2 strands of DNA are _____

Answer 32

antiparrallel

Question 33

Names of Nitrogenous Bases for DNA

Answer 33

Thymine - Adenine Cytosine - Guanine

Question 34

What is the sugar in DNA and what type of strands does is have

Answer 34

deoxyribose, double stranded

Question 35

What is the sugar in RNA and what type of strands does is have

Answer 35

ribose, single stranded

Question 36

RNA Nitrogenous bases

Answer 36

in RNA thymine is replaced by uracil uracil - Adenine Cytosine - Guanine

Question 37

All Amino Acids have what?

Answer 37

carboxyl group and Amino group

Question 38

information is stored with in the DNA molecule due to what?

Answer 38

The sequence of bases

Question 39

what is the r group?

Answer 39

the side chains of amino acids, creates the 3d structure of a protein used to differentiate amino acids categorized by: -hydrophobic -hydrophillic -ionic

Question 40

primary structure

Answer 40

chain of amino acids - the order dictates the secondary and tertiary structure held together by peptide bonds the order is determined by DNA

Question 41

secondary structure

Answer 41

backbone, hydrogen bonds form between parts of the back bone 2 possible shapes: -helix -beta pleated sheet

Question 42

tertiary structure

Answer 42

side chains, overall shape of a polypeptide resulting from interactions between the side chains

Question 43

if you put together 2 or more amino acids you get a ____

Answer 43

polypepetide

Question 44

An enzyme is another type of _____

Answer 44

protein