Cells

Question 1

Who was one of the first people to observe cells?

Answer 1

Hooke

Question 2

Who was the first person to observe bacteria?

Answer 2

Leeuwenhoek

Question 3

Who concluded that all plants are made up of cells?

Answer 3

Schleiden

Question 4

Who concluded that all animals are made of cells?

Answer 4

Schwann

Question 5

Who proposed that all cells come from other cells?

Answer 5

Virchow

Question 6

How does an electron microscope different from a light microscope?

Answer 6

an electron microscope offers more clarity (size) while a light microscope offers better detail (focus)

Question 7

How are cells related to living things?

Answer 7

ALL living things are made of cells

Question 8

cell

Answer 8

the basic unit of structure and function in living things, microscopic units of living things

Question 9

microscope

Answer 9

any instrument that makes small objects look larger

Question 10

compound microscope

Answer 10

a light microscope that has more than one lens

Question 11

cell theory

Answer 11

a widely accepted explanation of the relationship between cells and living things

Question 12

magnification

Answer 12

the ability to make things look larger than they are

Question 13

convex lens

Answer 13

a curved lens that is thicker in the middle than at the edges

Question 14

resolution

Answer 14

the ability to distinguish the individual parts of an object

Question 15

organelles

Answer 15

tiny cell structures that carry out specific functions within the cell

Question 16

cell wall

Answer 16

the rigid layer of nonliving material that surrounds plant cells

Question 17

cell membrane

Answer 17

the outside boundary that separates the cell from its environment (in cells without cell walls)

Question 18

nucleus

Answer 18

a large, oval structure that directs all of the cell’s activities

Question 19

chromatin

Answer 19

strands of genetic material floating in the nucleus

Question 20

cytoplasm

Answer 20

the region between the cell membrane and the nucleus (clear jellylike material)

Question 21

mitochondria

Answer 21

produce most of the energy the cell needs to carry outs its functions (gives off energy)

Question 22

endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 22

a maze of passageways that carry proteins and other materials from one part of the cell to another

Question 23

ribosomes

Answer 23

function as factories to produce proteins

Question 24

golgi bodies

Answer 24

receive proteins and other newly formed materials and distribute them to other parts of the cell

Question 25

chloroplasts

Answer 25

organelles that capture energy from sunlight and use it to produce food for the cell

Question 26

vacuole

Answer 26

the storage area of a cell (stores water, food, and minerals)

Question 27

lysosomes

Answer 27

small, round structures in cells that break down large food particles into smaller ones

Question 28

selective permeable

Answer 28

lets some but not all substances pass through membranes

Question 29

diffusion

Answer 29

the process by which molecules tend to move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

Question 30

osmosis

Answer 30

the process by which water moves across a selectively permeable membrane

Question 31

What are two types of passive transport?

Answer 31

1. diffusion, 2. osmosis

Question 32

Which type of transport requires energy?

Answer 32

active transport

Question 33

How is osmosis different from diffusion?

Answer 33

osmosis deals with water...diffusion does not

Question 34

Compare and contrast active and passive transport?

Answer 34

active transport requires energy, passive transport does not

Question 35

What are two different methods of active transport?

Answer 35

1. transport protein, 2. engulfing

Question 36

What is one reason that cells are small?

Answer 36

it can take less time to travel through cells from one to another

Question 37

respiration

Answer 37

the process of getting energy from food

Question 38

reproduction

Answer 38

to form offspring similar to parents

Question 39

producer

Answer 39

living thing that makes its own food

Question 40

develop

Answer 40

change in shape or form

Question 41

tissue

Answer 41

a group of cells carrying out a job

Question 42

organ system

Answer 42

a group of organs working together

Question 43

chemical formula

Answer 43

the name of a compound in symbols

Question 44

chloroplast

Answer 44

cell part that contains chlorophyll

Question 45

environment

Answer 45

things that surround an organism

Question 46

centriole

Answer 46

part near the nucleus that helps with reproduction

Question 47

organism

Answer 47

a living thing

Question 48

What is the job of the cell membrane?

Answer 48

it controls what goes into cells

Question 49

adaptation

Answer 49

trait that helps a living thing survive

Question 50

chromosome

Answer 50

cell part with information that determine a living thing's traits

Question 51

ribosome

Answer 51

cell part where protein is made

Question 52

organ

Answer 52

a group of tissues that work together

Question 53

nucleolus

Answer 53

smaller body inside the nucleus that helps make protein

Question 54

What process occurs when water moves out of the cells of a saltwater fish and into the ocean?

Answer 54

osmosis

Question 55

What process occurs when oxygen moves from the lungs into the bloodstream?

Answer 55

difussion

Question 56

What process occurs when sodium is pumped out of a nerve cell?

Answer 56

active transport