Nervous System

Question 1

What does the nervous system send and receive?

Answer 1

Information about the activities within the body

Question 2

What does the nervous system monitor

Answer 2

It monitors and responds to changes in the environment

Question 3

What is a stimulus?

Answer 3

a change in the environment that causes a response

Question 4

What are some involuntary responses to a stimulus?

Answer 4

increased heart rate, pupil response to light, blinking, sneezing, and knee jerk

Question 5

neuron

Answer 5

a message carrying cell

Question 6

About how many messages make their way through the body each second?

Answer 6

100s

Question 7

What is another name for neuron?

Answer 7

nerve cells

Question 8

Nerve cells

Answer 8

the basic units of structure and function in the nervous system

Question 9

What is unique about neurons?

Answer 9

They cannot regenerate (be replaced if damaged or destroyed)

Question 10

What part of the neuron is the “door” into the neuron?

Answer 10

the dendrites

Question 11

How do things exit the neuron?

Answer 11

through the axon terminals

Question 12

neurotransmitter

Answer 12

ferries (or moves) nerve impulses across the synapse

Question 13

What happens as the impulse nears the synapse?

Answer 13

a chemical signal pours from the ends of the neuron (axon terminals)

Question 14

What happens to the electrical signal when the chemical signal takes over?

Answer 14

The electrical signal shuts down

Question 15

What is the job of the chemical signal?

Answer 15

It takes the impulse to the next neuron…moving across the synapse

Question 16

What is a synapse?

Answer 16

a gap between neurons

Question 17

What happens to this electrical/chemical signal process?

Answer 17

It repeats until the impulse reaches its destination

Question 18

What crosses the synapse?

Answer 18

a neurotransmitter and salt

Question 19

What carries the electrical signal?

Answer 19

an axon

Question 20

What is the job of the myelin sheath?

Answer 20

it protects the axon and facilitates conduction of electrical signals

Question 21

What are the parts of a neuron?

Answer 21

cell body, dendrites, axon

Question 22

cell body

Answer 22

contains nucleus which controls the cell’s activities

Question 23

dendrites

Answer 23

carry messages to many cell bodies

Question 24

axon

Answer 24

carries messages away from only one cell body (1mm to 1 m)

Question 25

What are axon terminals?

Answer 25

ends of axons

Question 26

What is the job of axon terminals?

Answer 26

they pass on the message to the dendrites of another neuron

Question 27

receptors

Answer 27

receive information from your surroundings

Question 28

What are the 3 types of neurons in the Nervous System?

Answer 28

1. sensory, 2. interneurons, 3. motor neurons

Question 29

sensory neurons

Answer 29

take messages from receptor to spinal cord and brain

Question 30

interneurons

Answer 30

found in the brain, connects sensory to motor

Question 31

motor neurons

Answer 31

take messages from the brain and spinal cord to a muscle or gland cell

Question 32

effector

Answer 32

the cell that is stimulated, or affected, by the motor neuron

Question 33

nerve impulse

Answer 33

a pathway that the messages take from the sensory neurons to the interneurons to the motor neurons

Question 34

What form to the nerve impulses take as they travel along the neurons?

Answer 34

electrical and chemical signals

Question 35

The impulses enter the neuron through what?

Answer 35

the dendrites (door)

Question 36

The impulses travel along the length of what?

Answer 36

the axon (exit)

Question 37

How fast can impulses travel?

Answer 37

120 m/s

Question 38

synapse

Answer 38

gape between the ends of neurons

Question 39

What are the two main divisions of the nervous system?

Answer 39

1. central nervous system 2. peripheral nervous system

Question 40

central nervous system (CNS)

Answer 40

brain and spinal cord....controls the center of the body

Question 41

peripheral nervous system

Answer 41

network of nerves outside the central nervous system

Question 42

How can you describe the activities within the CNS

Answer 42

they are very complex

Question 43

brain

Answer 43

control center that transmits and receives messages

Question 44

spinal cord

Answer 44

link between the brain and the rest of the body

Question 45

Why does most of the brain appear grey?

Answer 45

as a result of the presence of the cell bodies of billions of neurons

Question 46

What is under the grey matter of the brain?

Answer 46

white material...made of bundles of axons

Question 47

What is the mass of the brain?

Answer 47

1.4 kg

Question 48

What protects the brain?

Answer 48

the skull (cranium)

Question 49

meninges

Answer 49

three layers of connective tissue that protect and nourish the brain

Question 50

inner layer

Answer 50

pia matter...a thin inner layer that adheres to the folds

Question 51

middle layer (arachnoid)

Answer 51

separated from the inner layer by a watery fluid that funtions as a shock absorber

Question 52

outer layer

Answer 52

dura matter...makes contact with the skull....think and tough for protection

Question 53

meningitis

Answer 53

infection of the meninges (is often fatal)

Question 54

What is the layer order of the head

Answer 54

skin of scalp, periosteum, bone of skull, periosteal layer, meningeal layer

Question 55

vertebra

Answer 55

a series of bones that protect the spinal cord

Question 56

How many spinal nerves are there?

Answer 56

31

Question 57

What is the job of the spinal nerves

Answer 57

Connect the brain with the rest of the nervous system

Question 58

reflex

Answer 58

simple response to a stimulus

Question 59

Where are interneurons located?

Answer 59

located in the spinal cord

Question 60

What is the job of the interneurons?

Answer 60

they receive the nerve impulse and send the impulse to the motor neurons

Question 61

What is the job of the motor neurons?

Answer 61

they stimulate the effectors

Question 62

Why is it possible for reflexes to be lightning fast and automatic?

Answer 62

the impulses travel only to the spinal cord

Question 63

cerebrum

Answer 63

(drum) largest part of the brain

Question 64

What does the cerebrum look like?

Answer 64

lines with grooves and folds that increase the surface area

Question 65

How is the cerebrum divided?

Answer 65

into two hemisphere

Question 66

What are the jobs of the two hemispheres of the brain

Answer 66

each hemisphere controls movement of the OPPOSITE side of the body

Question 67

What is the job of the cerebrum?

Answer 67

it is the area of learning, intelligence, voluntary motion, thinking and cognitive ability

Question 68

cerebellum

Answer 68

(belle) below and behind the cerebrum

Question 69

What is the second largest part of the brain?

Answer 69

cerebellum

Question 70

What is the job of the cerebellum?

Answer 70

SUBCONSCIOUS movement of skeletal muscles (blinking), maintains balance

Question 71

medulla oblongata

Answer 71

(dull) below the cerebellum

Question 72

What does the medulla oblongata connect?

Answer 72

the brain to the spinal cord

Question 73

What is the job of the medulla oblongata?

Answer 73

controls INVOLUNTARY actions-heartbeat, breathing, reflex centers for coughing and swallowing

Question 74

What is the job of the peripheral nervous system?

Answer 74

link between the central nervous system and the rest of the body

Question 75

The peripheral nervous system is made up of how many nerves?

Answer 75

43 pairs of nerves (31 spinal nerves, 12 cranial nerves)

Question 76

Where do the peripheral nerves run from?

Answer 76

the brain and spinal cord to the ORGANS throughout the rest of the body

Question 77

autonomic nervous system

Answer 77

controls body functions that are involuntary (digestion, circulatino)

Question 78

How many different groups can the autonomic nervous system be divided into?

Answer 78

2 groups

Question 79

What are the jobs of each group int he autonomic nervous system?

Answer 79

1. triggers and action by an organ 2. slows down or stops the action

Question 80

What are some examples of homeostasis?

Answer 80

perfect balance, sweating until you have cooled off

Question 81

How do the nerves of the autonomic nervous system work?

Answer 81

they work AGAINST each other to keep bodily activities in homeostatis