Cells

Question 1

Gel-like material that fills the cell & surrounds the organelles

Answer 1

Cytoplasm

Question 2

Allows material to enter or exit the cell & protects the contents of the cell

Answer 2

Cell membrane

Question 3

Control center of the cell

Answer 3

nucleus

Question 4

Transport materials & proteins around the cell

Answer 4

Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 5

Builds proteins in the cell

Answer 5

ribosomes

Question 6

Provides energy for the cell by breaking down sugar molecules in cellular respiration

Answer 6

mitochondria

Question 7

Provides food for a plant cell by collecting energy from the sun during photosynthesis

Answer 7

chloroplast

Question 8

Rigid material that surrounds a plant cell that gives it shape, support, & protection

Answer 8

Cell wall

Question 9

Stores food, water, & other materials in the cell

Answer 9

vacuole

Question 10

Packages & distributes proteins and other material in the cell

Answer 10

Golgi apparatus (body

Question 11

Break down larger particles to smaller particles for recycling in the cell

Answer 11

lysosomes

Question 12

Carry oxygen and other material throughout the body

Answer 12

blood

Question 13

Structure and movement

Answer 13

bone

Question 14

Attaches to bone and allows for movement

Answer 14

muscle

Question 15

Detects stimuli from the environment and transmits information between cells

Answer 15

nerve

Question 16

Covers the surface of the body and the lining of internal organs

Answer 16

epithelial

Question 17

Description - Tiny particle with nucleic acid surrounded by a protein coat that can only reproduce inside a living cell

Examples - Influenza, cold, HIV, chicken pox

Most Used Treatment - vaccine

Answer 17

Pathogen - virus

Question 18

Decription - Prokaryotic cell with a cell wall that interferes with the normal function of a cell & reproduces by binary fission

Examples - Strep throat, pneumonia, staph, conjunctivitis, tetanus

Most Used Treatment - antibiotic

Answer 18

Pathogen - bacteria

Question 19

Description - Most are unicellular organisms that reproduce by spores

Examples - Athlete’s foot, ringworm

Most Used Treatment - Anti-fungal

Answer 19

Pathogen - fungus

Question 20

Description - An organism that requires a host to obtain nutrients to survive

Examples - Malaria, tapeworm

Most Used Treatment - Varies depending on the type, antimalarial drugs

Answer 20

Pathogen - Protist/parasite

Question 21

What is the difference between an infectious disease & a non-infectious disease?

Answer 21

Infectious can be spread from person to person & non-infectious cannot be spread

Question 22

How are the following pathogens most often spread from organism to organism?

Virus:
Fungus:
Bacteria:
Protist:

Answer 22

Virus: inhaling contaminated air, touch a contaminated object, coming in contact with a contaminated person, exchange of bodily fluids

Fungus: inhaling spores, or spores landing on your

Bacteria: inhaling contaminated air, biological vectors, contaminated objects, coming in contact with a contaminated person

Protist: contaminated food or water, biological vectors

Question 23

What is the difference between an antibiotic and a vaccine?

Answer 23

Vaccines are weakened forms of a live virus/bacteria that creates an immune response that fights off the infection when the actual virus/bacteria enter your body, antibiotics weaken or kill bacteria only

Question 24

What does it mean that the cell membrane is selectively permeable?

Answer 24

The cell membrane allows certain materials to leave and enter the cell

Question 25

Explain how plant and animal cells are different.

Answer 25

Plant cells have a larger vacuole, cell wall, and chloroplast for photosynthesis

Question 26

List ways you can prevent an infection from a pathogen.

Answer 26

Wash hands, exercise, get rest, eat healthy, get check-ups, stay away from contaminated people, vaccination

Question 27

Describe how a virus infects the body.

Answer 27

Attaches to a cell membrane, injects genetic material, duplicates until the cell burst & dies, newly replicated viruses attack other cells

Question 28

What is a biological vector? Give an example.

Answer 28

An organism that carries a disease that can be passed to humans. Ex. Malaria is carried by mosquitoes

Question 29

What is the negative affect of over-using of antibiotics?

Answer 29

Bacteria becomes resistant to antibiotics can be spread to other individuals and make the antibiotic ineffective

Question 30

What are some positive ways that the following organisms can help in the environment or in industries? A) Bacteria: B) Fungus: Mold: Yeast:

Answer 30

A) Bacteria: healthy digestive systems, production of dairy products (cheese, yogurt), Oxygen for the environment, insulin production for diabetic patients B) Fungus: Mold: used to make certain antibiotics Yeast: use to make breads and alcohol from fermentation

Question 31

Why are some antibiotics no longer effective against bacteria infestations?

Answer 31

Overuse of certain antibiotics have killed off the less resistant bacteria allowing for the more resistant bacteria to pass along their DNA

Question 32

In the equation, P4 + O2  P2O3, if there are 20 g of P4 and 15 g of O2, how many grams of P2O3 will form?

Answer 32

35g

Question 33

List groups on the periodic table will ionically bond together.

Answer 33

Group 16 ionically bonds with group 2, Group1 ionically bonds with group 17 (metals and nonmetals)

Question 34

Name three gases that contribute to the greenhouse effect.

Answer 34

carbon dioxide, methane, water vapor

Question 35

Why is AC current used instead of DC in the power grid?

Answer 35

AC current can travel from high to low voltages & it can changes directions

Question 36

If you push a skateboard that has a mass of 60kg with a force of 6N, what force will the skateboard push back on you according to Newton’s third law of motion?

Answer 36

_6N_(equal and opposite)

Question 37

If two objects have different masses, which object is easier to accelerate? Which law supports your answer?

Answer 37

The smaller mass (2nd Law)

Question 38

The tendency of an object to resist change in its motion is known as __________.

Answer 38

inertia (1st Law)

Question 39

Newton's first law of motion states that an object remains at rest unless a(n) __________ force acts on it.

Answer 39

unbalanced

Question 40

The statement "for every action, there is an equal but opposite reaction" is a statement of Newton’s _____ law

Answer 40

3rd

Question 41

When a swimmer pushes the water back, the water pushes the swimmer forward. What is the reaction force to in this situation?

Answer 41

water pushes the swimmer forward