Cells

Question 1

Cells definition

Answer 1

Cells are the basic unit of life. All living things are made of cells

Question 2

Cell membrane

Answer 2

Controls the entry and exit of substances from the cell

Question 3

Chromosomes

Answer 3

Thread like structures composed of DNA that carry genes

Question 4

Nucleus

Answer 4

Control centre of the cell

Question 5

Nuclear membrane

Answer 5

Enclose genetics material inside the nucleus

Question 6

Cytoplasm

Answer 6

Site of chemical reactions in the cell

Question 7

Cell wall

Answer 7

Provides strength and shape to the cell

Question 8

Chloroplasts

Answer 8

Contain the green pigment chlorophyll to absorb light for photosynthesis

Question 9

Vacuole

Answer 9

Stores water, salt and sugars

Question 10

Structures in Animal cells

Answer 10

Cell membrane
Chromosomes
Nucleus
Nuclear membrane 
Cytoplasm

Question 11

Structures in Plant cells

Answer 11

Cell membrane 
Cell wall
Vacuole
Nucleus 
Cytoplasm 
Chloroplast

Question 12

Structures in Bacterial cells

Answer 12

One large circular chromosome 
Plasmids(small rings of DNA/ non-cellulose)
Cell wall
Cell membrane 
Cytoplasm

Question 13

Field of view

Answer 13

The circular are you see when looking through the microscope

The field of view decreases as the magnification increases

Question 14

Magnification measurements

Answer 14

Micrometers (Um)

1000Um in a millimetre

Question 15

Equation for actual size

Answer 15

Observed size
Actual size=———————
Magnification

Question 16

Equation for Magnification

Answer 16

Observed size
Magnification = ——————–
Actual size

Question 17

Organisation of Cells

Answer 17

Cell.                       |
Tissue.                  |
Organ.                   |
Organ system.     |     Increasing level of complexity 
Organism              |
                              V

Question 18

Tissue definition

Answer 18

A group of cells within a similar structure and function

Question 19

Organ

Answer 19

A collection of tissues that have amalgamated to carry out a specific task

Question 20

Organ System definition

Answer 20

A collection of organs

Question 21

Organism definition

Answer 21

A collection of organ systems

Question 22

Different growth patterns in animal and plants

Answer 22

Animal cells tend to grow all over their bodies whereas plants tens to grow at their tips and shoots (apices)

Question 23

Meristems

Answer 23

These are the areas of plants that have the ability to grow.

They are made up of unspecialised cells that have the ability to become any type of plant cell. Plants have these for the duration of their life and this is why gardens can cut and grow whole plants from them.

Question 24

Animal cell development

Answer 24

They become specialised at an early stage of development.

They differentiate from stem cells

Question 25

Stem cells

Answer 25

Stems cells can grow into any type of body fell and are therefore of interest in developing new treatments for diseases

Question 26

Umbilical Cord Blood

Answer 26

Ethical concerns >No major concerns Limitations >must be obtained soon after birth >can be difficult to identify the specific cells that will be of use

Question 27

Adult Tisse

Answer 27

Ethical concerns >theoretically the technology could allow humans to be cloned Limitations >not all cells types can be produced >limited lifespan >cells can be hard to grow

Question 28

Embryo

Answer 28

Ethical concerns > harvesting of the cells may result in the abortion of the Embryo Limitations >all cells types should be able to be generated under the correct conditions

Question 29

Diffusion

Answer 29

Diffusion is the random molecular movement of molecules from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration, along a concentration gradient

Question 30

Examples of diffusion

Answer 30

Gases in and out leaves during photosynthesis Oxygen from the air spaces in the lungs into the bloodstream Small food molecules from the gut into surrounding cells