Cells Flashcards
What are the two types of cells?
Prokaryotic (no nucleus) and Eukaryotic (nucleus)
What structures do plant cells have that animal cells do not have?
Cell wall- made of cellulose, structural support, outside membrane
Chloroplasts- for photosynthesis
What does the nucleus do?
Contains the genetic material (DNA) for the cell, is membrane bound and contains the nucleolus (produces ribosomes)
What do ribosomes do?
Perform protein synthesis
What does the mitochondria do?
perform cellular respiration (a way of converting sugar into energy) (energy is ATP) (adenosine triphosphate)
What do lysosomes do?
Contain digestive enzymes responsible for breaking down large molecules
What does the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) do?
Responsible for carrying materials throughout the cell; attached to the nucleus
What is RER?
Rough endoplasmic reticulum; covered in ribosomes and is common in cells that specialize in making proteins
What is SER?
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum; no ribosomes and common in cells where lipids are made
What does the Golgi apparatus do?
For storgage and packaging; during exocytosis the Golgi will package large molecules for excretion
What is the cell membrane?
The outer boundary of the cell made of a phospholipid bilayer; controls what enters and exits a cell
What is cytoplasm?
The water based jelly-likefluid that surrounds organelles
What do vacuoles do?
Water storage; plants have a large central vacuole
What is a centriole?
An organelle that is present in animals not plants, and has a role in cell division
What is DNA?
Deoxyribonucleic acid; is the molecule of heredity
