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Triple science > Cells > Flashcards

Cells Flashcards

(71 cards)

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1
Q

What is a cell?

A

The structural and functional unit of living organisms

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2
Q

What does an animal cell contain?

A 
Nucleus
Cell membrane
Ribosomes
Cytoplasm
Mitochondria
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3
Q

What a plant cell contain?

A 
Cell wall
Cell membrane
Nucleus
Chloroplasts
Vacuole
Ribosomes
Mitochondria
Cytoplasm
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4
Q

What is a nucleus?

A

Controls all activities of the cell and contains the DNA

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5
Q

What is a ribosome?

A

Makes proteins for the cell?

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6
Q

What is cytoplasm?

A

Chemical reactions needed for life occur in the liquid gel

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7
Q

What is a cell membrane?

A

It controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell

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8
Q

What is mitochondria?

A

Helps in respiration releasing energy for the cell

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9
Q

What is a cell wall?

A

A firm non- living box around the cell to provide strength and structure

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10
Q

What is the vacuole?

A

A large space containing cell sap to keep the cell rigid

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11
Q

What is a chloroplast?

A

It contains chlorophyll which helps with photosynthesis

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12
Q

What does a bacterial cell contain?

A 
Free floating DNA
Cell membrane
Cell wall
Ribosomes
Plasmids
Cytoplasm
Flagellum
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13
Q

What is a plasmid?

A

A small strand of DNA found in a bacterial cell

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14
Q

Why does it have a flagellum?

A

To help rotate the cell so it can move

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15
Q

What is a eukaryotic cell?

A

A cell with a nucleus and membrane bound organelles

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16
Q

What is a prokaryotic cell?

A

A cell with no nucleus and free floating DNA

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17
Q

How do u find the order of magnitude?

A

Bigger number/ smaller number

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18
Q

Name advantages and disadvantages of the light microscope

A

Uses beams of light- A
Is cheap-A
Needs light source-D
2D image-D

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19
Q

Name advantages and disadvantages of the electron microscope

A

Better resolution- A
3D image- A
Magnify up to 2mil times- A
Very expensive- D

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20
Q

What is the equation for magnification?

A

Mag= size of image/ size of real object

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21
Q

Function of the sperm

A

To fertilise the egg

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22
Q

Function of the red blood cell

A

To transport oxygen around the body through the blood

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23
Q

Function of the palisade cell

A

To help with photosynthesis

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24
Q

Function of the root hair cell

A

To absorb water and minerals for the plant

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25
Function of the epithelia cell
To free trapped mucus and particles
26
Function of the fat cell
To break down fat
27
Function of the xylem
To carry water from the roots to the leaves
28
Function of the phloem
To transport food from the leaves to the rest of the plant
29
How is the red blood cell adapted?
Has no nucleus Large surface area Contains haemoglobin to pick up oxygen
30
How is the palisade cell adapted?
Large surface area | Lots of chloroplasts
31
How is the root hair cell adapted?
Large surface area | Thin cell wall
32
How is the epithelia cell adapted?
Has tails and cilia | Large surface area
33
How is the fat cell adapted?
Big fat store
34
How does bacteria multiply?
Binary fission
35
What type of reproduction occurs with bacteria?
Asexual
36
What is a nucleus?
Contains genetic information
37
What are genes?
Short sections of DNA that code for one protein or characteristic
38
What are gametes?
Sex cells
39
What are chromosomes?
Large molecules of DNA, which have a double helix structure
40
How many chromosomes does a sex cell have?
23
41
Order chromosome, nucleus, gene and cell starting with the smallest
Gene Chromosome Nucleus Cell
42
What is a stem cell?
A cell that can become any other cell
43
Where are stem cells found?
Bone marrow and embryos
44
What can stem cells be used for?
Nerve cells Heart muscles Growing new plants Test new drugs
45
What is differentiation?
As organisms develop cells become specialised for a particular function
46
Reasons for using embryo stem cells
Cure lots of people and deadly diseases | Adult stem cells may be rejected
47
Reasons against using embryo stem cells
Killing a human Transfer diseases Religion
48
Describe therapeutic cloning
You take a donor's egg cell and a patient's body cell Remove both nucleus' and fuse the patients into the donors The cell the divides and becomes an embryo Stem cells are grown The cell specialises and is given to the patient
49
What is a diploid?
Pairs of chromosomes
50
What is a haploid?
Half number of chromosomes
51
Why do cells need to divide?
To regrow Replace worn out cells Repair damaged tissue
52
What is it called when cells divide?
Mitosis
53
Describe mitosis
``` Parent cell duplicates it chromosomes They line up in the middle The spindle fibres pull them to the poles Cell membrane and cytoplasm pinches Forms tow identical daughter cells ```
54
What is diffusion?
The movement of particles from a high to a low concentration until equilibrium is met
55
Where does diffusion happen in?
Liquids and gases
56
What type of process is diffusion?
Passive so it requires no energy
57
What factors affect diffusion?
Temperature- Particles have ore energy Surface area- how much space there is to diffuse Concentration gradient- The difference between the concentrations
58
Where does diffusion happen in the body?
Lungs | Small intestine
59
State three feature of the alveoli that make it perfect for diffusion
Good blood supply Large surface area Only one cell thin
60
How does diffusion happen in the small intestine?
Glucose move out of the intestine into the blood Waste remains Villi is present to increase the surface area
61
State why gills are perfect for diffusion
Only a few cells thin Blood capillaries Lots of filaments covered in leathery lamella for large surface area
62
State why leaves are perfect for diffusion
Flat, thin and large surface area | Spongey mesophyll layer increase the area for gas to exchange
63
What is active transport?
The movement of substances from a more dilute to a more concentrated solution
64
What type of process is active transport?
It is produced during respiration so it requires energy
65
Where does active transport occur?
Small intestine- gut to the blood | Root hair cell- soil to the roots
66
What is osmosis?
The movement of water from a dilute to a more concentrated solution through a partially permeable membrane
67
What is hypotonic?
When the concentration surrounding the cell is lower
68
What is hypertonic?
When the concentration surrounding the cell is higher
69
What is isotonic?
When the concentrations are the same
70
What is turgid?
When water enters the cell causing it to swell
71
What is plasmolysis?
When water leaves the cell making it shrivel up

Triple science (8 decks)

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