Disease

Question 1

What is an communicable disease?

Answer 1

A disease that can be spread caused by pathogens

Question 2

What is a pathogen?

Answer 2

A microbe that causes disease

Question 3

What is a non-communicable disease?

Answer 3

It cannot be spread from one person to another

Question 4

Name some communicable diseases

Answer 4

HIV/ AIDS
Flu
Tuberculosis

Question 5

Name some non-communicable diseases

Answer 5

Lung cancer
Heart disease
Diabetes

Question 6

How can disease be spread?

Answer 6

Insects
Animal bites
The air
Direct contact
Bodily fluids
Food and water

Question 7

Name some non specific responses

Answer 7

Tears contain salt
Eyelashes stop dust or muck getting in
Platelets help blood to clot
Stomach contains acid

Question 8

Name the tow types of white blood cells

Answer 8

Lymphocytes

Phagocytes

Question 9

What do phagocytes do?

Answer 9

They engulf the pathogen and break it down with enzymes into harmless pieces

Question 10

What do lymphocytes do?

Answer 10

They detect the antigens and produce antibodies which are complementary to antigens and break it down

Question 11

What is immunity?

Answer 11

Not being able to catch a certain disease because you already have the correct antibodies

Question 12

What is a vaccine?

Answer 12

A dead or inactive form of a pathogen

Question 13

What is herd immunity?

Answer 13

Al of the population is vaccinated

Question 14

Why do communicable diseases spread faster?

Answer 14

Lack of medication, money, food, hygiene

Question 15

What are some viral infections?

Answer 15

HIV, chicken pox, measles and tobacco mosaic virus

Question 16

Are viruses smaller than bacteria?

Answer 16

Yes

Question 17

How do viruses work?

Answer 17

The virus attaches to the cell
The virus takes over the host cell organelles
Virus makes hundreds of copies
The virus copies fill the whole host cell and burst open
Viruses the enter the blood and attach to a new cell

Question 18

How does bacteria make us ill?

Answer 18

They release toxins or poisons

Question 19

What are some diseases caused by bacteria?

Answer 19

Cholera
Food poisoning
Gonorrhoea

Question 20

What is gonorrhoea?

Answer 20

A std caused by bacteria

Question 21

What are the symptoms of gonorrhoea?

Answer 21

Green or yellow discharge from the vagina or penis

Question 22

How to prevent gonorrhoea?

Answer 22

Condoms

Question 23

What is salmonella?

Answer 23

Food poisoning spread by bacteria ingested food

Question 24

What are the symptoms of salmonella?

Answer 24

Fever
Abdominal pains
Vomiting

Question 25

How to prevent salmonella?

Answer 25

Washing hands before and after

Question 26

What disease is caused by fungi?

Answer 26

Rose black spot

Question 27

What does rose black spot do to plants?

Answer 27

It causes black or purple spots Leaves to drop Stunted growth Reduces photosynthesis

Question 28

How is rose black spot spread?

Answer 28

By water and the wind

Question 29

How can rose black spot be treated?

Answer 29

By fungicides

Question 30

What are protists?

Answer 30

Single celled organisms

Question 31

What disease does protists cause?

Answer 31

Malaria caused by protists that live in the blood

Question 32

What is a vector?

Answer 32

An organism that spreads disease, rather than causing it themselves

Question 33

What is medicine?

Answer 33

A chemical substance that is used in the diagnosis, care, treatment and prevention of disease

Question 34

What is the problem with using lots of antibiotics?

Answer 34

Because it becomes less effective since the bacteria becomes resistant

Question 35

What is a drug?

Answer 35

A substance taken into the body that modifies or affects chemical reactions.

Question 36

Why is there steps in drug development?

Answer 36

To check if they are effective Not harmful Required dose Successfully removed from the body

Question 37

What is step one?

Answer 37

Researchers target a particular disease and make lots of possible drug

Question 38

What is step two?

Answer 38

The drug is tested in a lab on cells and tissues for toxicity

Question 39

What is step three?

Answer 39

Tested on the animal for any side effects and how they work in the body

Question 40

What is step four?

Answer 40

It is tested on healthy people and patients who volunteer to be tested

Question 41

What is step four part 2?

Answer 41

Tried on a small number of patients to check it treats a disease

Question 42

What is step five?

Answer 42

Tested on a larger clinical trial and also use a control group and compare to experiment group

Question 43

Why do they use monoclonal antibodies?

Answer 43

They are specific to one binding site on one protein antigen and are able to target specific chemical or cells in the body

Question 44

How do they create monoclonal antibodies?

Answer 44

Scientists expose a mouse to cancer and inject another mouse with antigens These are fused together and become a hybridoma Cells are separated and cultured Cells are humanised

Question 45

Pros and cons of monoclonal antibodies

Answer 45

Help treat disease Identify pathogens Body may reject them Tested on animal

Question 46

Uses of monoclonal antibodies

Answer 46

Diagnosing cancer Attaching markers to molecules Measure hormone levels Pregnancy tests

Question 47

How do they diagnose cancer?

Answer 47

Bind to specific antigens and also carry markers to make it easier to see

Question 48

What do they do in pregnancy tests?

Answer 48

Bind to the hormone (HCG) that are made in the early stages of pregnancy found in tiny amounts of hormone are passed in the urine

Question 49

How do they detect hormones in the blood?

Answer 49

Used in hospitals and labs to monitor chemicals and hormones

Question 50

How do they locate specific molecules?

Answer 50

They produce the monoclonal antibodies linked to the molecule of fluorescent dye so when they bind you can see the molecules

Question 51

How do they treat cancer?

Answer 51

Trigger the immune system to attack the cancer cells Use them to block receptors on the surface of cancer cells so it will stop growing Carry toxic and radioactive drugs