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Triple science > Organisation > Flashcards

Organisation Flashcards

(63 cards)

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1
Q

What does the mouth do?

A

Chemically and physically digest the food

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2
Q

What does the salivary gland do?

A

It produces amylase to break down the food

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3
Q

What does the liver do?

A

It makes bile

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4
Q

What does the gall bladder do?

A

Store the bile

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5
Q

What does the stomach do?

A

It breaks down food with acid and enzymes

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6
Q

What does the pancreas do?

A

Releases and produces enzymes

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7
Q

What does the small intestine do?

A

The nutrients are absorbed into the blood

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8
Q

What does the large intestine do?

A

It absorbs the waste water

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9
Q

What does the rectum do?

A

Faeces is stored here

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10
Q

What does the anus do?

A

Releases the faeces when you need the toilet

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11
Q

What enzymes does the pancreas produce?

A

Protease, amylase and lipase

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12
Q

What does bile do?

A

Breaks down large globules of fat into smaller ones

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13
Q

What does bile do to the pH?

A

Bile is alkaline so it increases the pH making it right conditions for the enzymes to work

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14
Q

How to test for glucose?

A

Equal vol of benedict’s solution to the food
Heat for 5mins
If it turns red glucose is present

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15
Q

How to test for starch?

A

Add a few drops of iodine to the food sample

Shake if it turns a blue/black starch is present

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16
Q

How to test for proteins?

A

Add equal vol of biuret solution

Shake and if it turns to purple protein is present

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17
Q

Where can enzymes been found?

A

Stomach
Saliva
Small intestine

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18
Q

What is the dent called in an enzyme?

A

Active site

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19
Q

What is the molecule called that fits into the active site?

A

Substrate

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20
Q

What does the enzyme make the substrate do?

A

React creating products

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21
Q

What two main factors affect enzyme action?

A

Temperature

pH

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22
Q

What happens when the temperature increases too much?

A

The enzymes active site denatures so the substrate can’t fit into the enzyme

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23
Q

What happens when you increase the temperature?

A

The rate of the reaction increase because their is lots of kinetic energy so the enzymes and substrates collide more

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24
Q

What is a tissue?

A

A group of cells that have a similar structure and function

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25
What is an organ?
A group of tissues that have a specific function
26
What is metabolism?
The sum of all reactions in a cell or in the body
27
How are digestive enzymes different?
The work outside of your cells Are released from specialised cells in glands Secreted onto food travelling through the digestive system
28
What is protein broken down by and into?
Broken down by protease and into amino acids
29
What is starch broken down by and into?
Broken down by amylase into glucose
30
What is fat broken down by and into?
Broken down by lipase into glycerol and fatty acids
31
Where is protease produced?
The stomach and pancreas
32
Where is amylase produced?
Pancreas and salivary gland
33
Where is lipase produced?
Pancreas
34
Name the 4 chambers in the heart
Right atrium and left atrium | Right ventricle and right ventricle
35
Why is the left side of the heart more muscular?
As the left side needs to contract and pump blood around the whole body
36
Name the three blood vessels
Arteries Capillaries Veins
37
Why do we have platelets?
To help the blood clot
38
Why do we have white blood cells?
To help fight infection
39
Why do we have red blood cells?
To carry oxygen around the body
40
What do the arteries do?
They carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to capillaries
41
Name an artery
Pulmonary artery
42
What do capillaries do?
Carry oxygenated blood from the arteries to the cells and carry deoxygenated blood from the cells to the veins
43
What do veins do?
Carry blood from the capillaries back to the heart and lungs
44
How do you work out cardiac output?
Heart rate X stroke volume
45
What does coronary heart disease do?
Narrows the arteries Reduces blood flow Reduces the amount of oxygen
46
Why is oxygen required?
For respiration so the heart can contract
47
What do faulty heart valves do?
Pressure cannot build up in the chambers The heart must work harder Blood may backflow or clot Can cause strokes
48
Name some heart treatments
Artificial pacemaker Stents Statins Valve replacements
49
What is breathing?
Ventilation NOT RESPIRATION
50
What is ventilation?
The process of inspiration and expiration
51
Describe inspiration
Ribs pull up and out Volume of chest increases and diaphragm contracts Increased volume lower pressure Pressure is now less than outside of the lungs Drawing air into the lungs The lungs inflate
52
Describe expiration
``` Ribs move down and inwards Decrease volume and diaphragm relaxes Decreased volume increases pressure Pressure is now greater outside the lungs Air is forced out of the lungs Lungs deflate ```
53
What is health?
The state of physical and mental well being
54
What are the risks factors of health?
Diet Stress Lifestyle Exercise
55
What is cancer caused by?
Uncontrollable cell growth and division
56
What is a benign tumour?
This tumour stays in one place rather than invading other parts of the body
57
What is a malignant tumour?
Cells can break off and invade other healthy tissues
58
What is the risk factor of skin cancer?
Sun
59
What is the risk factor of lung cancer?
Smoking
60
What is risk factor of breast cancer?
Women
61
What is the risk factor of cervical cancer?
Smoking
62
What is the risk factor of testicular cancer?
Smoking
63
What is the risk factor of brain tumours?
Age, alcohol

Triple science (8 decks)

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