Cells and Cell Organelles

Question 1

-simpler and smaller than the other type of cells
-no nucleus or membrane-bound organelles
-DNA is in nucleoid
-contains: nucleoid, ribosomes, cell wall, capsule, membrane, flagella, cytoplasm

Answer 1

prokaryotic cells

Question 2

organisms whose cells contain a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles

Answer 2

eukaryotic cells

Question 3

-contains nucleolus and most of a cell’s DNA
-enclosed by the nuclear envelope which is a double membrane and contains nuclear pores that allow substances in and out via pores

Answer 3

nucleus

Question 4

-produces ribosomes
-there can be several in a single nucleus

Answer 4

nucleolus

Question 5

-made up of rRNA and proteins
-they carry out protein synthesis
-can be found in cytosol and attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 5

ribosomes

Question 6

-synthesis and transport of lipids through the cells
-detoxification of drugs and poisons

Answer 6

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 7

-folds the protein into its functional shape and transports it through the cell

Answer 7

rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 8

-mainly used for receiving, sorting, and shipping proteins
-many can be found in cells that specialize in secretion

Answer 8

golgi body

Question 9

-contain hydrolytic enzymes that animal cells use to digest macromolecules
-they also digest damaged organelles

Answer 9

lysosomes

Question 10

-storage

Answer 10

vacuoles

Question 11

-type of vacuole
-stores food

Answer 11

food vacuoles

Question 12

-type of vacuole
-has freshwater protists: they pump out excess water to maintain the proper ion concentration within the cell

Answer 12

contractile vacuoles

Question 13

-type of vacuole
-storage of inorganic ions- plays a role in the growth of plants by absorbing water

Answer 13

central vacuole

Question 14

site of cellular respiration to generate ATP

Answer 14

mitochondria

Question 15

-site of photosynthesis
-found in plant cells

Answer 15

chloroplast

Question 16

hydrogen peroxide is toxic, so it contains enzyme that convert it to water

Answer 16

peroxisome

Question 17

-functions: shapes/supports the cell, guide movement of organelles, and separates chromosomes during cell division

Answer 17

cytoskeleton

Question 18

are the thickest of the 3 components of the cytoskeleton

Answer 18

microtubules

Question 19

-also called actin filaments
-are the thinnest components of the cytoskeleton

Answer 19

microfilaments

Question 20

-fibers with diameters in a middle range
-a components of the cytoskeleton

Answer 20

intermediate filaments

Question 21

-in animal cells
-aids in cell division

Answer 21

centrosomes and centrioles

Question 22

short hairs

Answer 22

cilia

Question 23

long whip-like tail

Answer 23

flagella

Question 24

-made up of cellulose
-protects cell
-prevents excessive uptake of water
-in plant cells, prokaryotes, fungi, and some protists

Answer 24

cell wall

Question 25

channels through cell walls that connect the cytoplasm of adjacent plant cells

Answer 25

plasmodesmata

Question 26

-made up of glycoproteins: collagen, proteoglycans, and fibronectin -proteins in this bind to receptor proteins in the plasma membrane called integrins

Answer 26

extracellular matrix (ECM)

Question 27

-has phosphate heads -has fatty acid tails -arranged as a bilayer -fluid mosaic model

Answer 27

phospholipids in the cell membrane

Question 28

fancy words for a membrane that stuff can flow throughout

Answer 28

fluid mosaic model

Question 29

-separates living cell from aqueous environment

Answer 29

cell membrane

Question 30

water channel in bacteria/all organisms

Answer 30

aquaporin

Question 31

-a type of membrane protein -only on one side of the membrane

Answer 31

peripheral proteins

Question 32

-a type of membrane protein -goes through the membrane

Answer 32

integral proteins

Question 33

-they participate in cell recognition and adhesion (either cell-cell signaling or cell-pathogen interactions) -they have a structural role as a physical barrier

Answer 33

membrane carbohydrates

Question 34

-the movement of molecules from high to low concentration (nonpolar/hydrophobic molecules) -doesn't need energy

Answer 34

simple diffusion

Question 35

diffusion of water

Answer 35

osmosis

Question 36

more solute

Answer 36

hypertonic

Question 37

less solute

Answer 37

hypotonic

Question 38

equal solute

Answer 38

isotonic

Question 39

-diffusion through protein channels -channels move specific molecules across cell membrane -no energy needed

Answer 39

facilitated diffusion

Question 40

-cells move molecules across the concentration gradient -happens through a protein pump -requires energy

Answer 40

active transport

Question 41

the measure of the number of solute particles in a solution

Answer 41

osmolarity

Question 42

the potential for water to move away from something

Answer 42

water potential