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NS9 - Life Sciences 2019 > Cells and cell structures > Flashcards

Cells and cell structures Flashcards

1
Q

The smallest unit of an organism

A

The cell

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2
Q

Creatures made up of many cells

A

Multicellular organisms

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3
Q

Creatures only ever one cell big

A

Unicellular organisms

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4
Q

What is required to see a cell, why?

A

A microscope, cells are very small.

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5
Q

What can be seen when cells are looked at using a microscope?

A

Tissues, cells, organelles and cell structure

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6
Q

Cell Membrane

A
  • Surrounds the cell
  • Controls what enters and exits the cell
  • It is selectively permeable (only some substances can move through it)
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7
Q

Cytoplasm

A
  • The gel-like substance inside a cell
  • Contains lots of water
  • Also contains other structures and organelles
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8
Q

Cytoskeleton

A
  • Made of filaments and tubes
  • Helps organise the cell
  • Helps keep the cells shape
  • Anchors organelles in place
  • Helps the cell divide for cell division
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9
Q

Genetic material

A
  • DNA and RNA
  • Most cells have DNA in the nucleus
  • Contains information on how to build and functioning of the cell
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10
Q

Nucleus

A
  • Houses the DNA in the form of chromosomes
  • DNA replication (copying) happens here
  • DNA instructions for the cell are chemically read here
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11
Q

Mitochondrion

A
  • An organelle that generates energy for the cell
  • Respiration happens here
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12
Q

Chloroplast

A
  • A green organelle only found in plants
  • It captures the suns energy to make carbohydrates
  • The process is called photosynthesis
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13
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum

A
  • An organelle that acts as a transport network for molecules heading different places in the cell
  • Rough ER contains grainy looking ribosomes
  • Smooth ER has no ribosomes
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14
Q

Vacuole

A
  • A liquid filled space surrounded by a membrane
  • It often handles waste products and is small in animal cells
  • It is much larger in plant cells and stores water
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15
Q

Ribosomes

A
  • Used to make proteins from amino acids
  • Appear a s dark spots
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16
Q

Cell wall

A
  • Not found in animal cells
  • Protects the cell from the environment
  • Provides support for plant cells
  • On the outside of the cell membrane
17
Q

What is this structure?

A

Cell membrane

18
Q

What is this substance?

A

Cytoplasm

19
Q

Made of filaments and tubes these structures help the cell keep shape

A

Cytoskeleton

20
Q

One of the most recognisable molecules in history… Holds all genetic information in a cell.

A

DNA

21
Q

What is this important structure that houses DNA?

A

The cell nucleus

22
Q

The centre for energy production in a cell:

A

A mitochondrion

Plural: mitochondria

23
Q

Essential for photosynthesis:

A

Chloroplast

24
Q

An important organelle for transporting substances

A

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

25
Q

Large fluid filled organelle in plants

A

Vacuole

26
Q

The dark speckled apprearing dot in a cell (especially on the rough endoplasmic reticulum)

A

Ribosomes

27
Q

The extra protective layer around plant cells, but not animal cells

A

Cell wall

28
Q

Biological diagram rules regarding your drawing

A

Draw only what you see

Sharp pencil

Clean lines with no sketching

Size of your palm

No shading

29
Q

Biological diagram rules regarding labelling

A

All labels in pen

A heading below, underlined

Use pen and a ruler for label lines

Label lines may not cross and should all be on the right where possible

Scale should also be indicated when possible

No arrows, lines touch structures being labelled

30
Q

Microscopic

A

Something too small to be seen with the unaided eye

31
Q

Organelle

A

Specialised structures found inside living cells

These perform specific functions for the cell

NS9 - Life Sciences 2019 (9 decks)

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