Cells And Cellular Organelles

Question 1

Nucleus structure

Answer 1

Dark granule in center of cell
Surrounded by a double membrane called nuclear envelope

Question 2

Nucleus function

Answer 2

Controls cell activities through protein synthesis
Stores DNA
Directs cell division
Where replication and transcription occurs

Question 3

Nuclear envelope structure

Answer 3

Double membrane made of phospholipids which has nuclear pores

Question 4

Nuclear envelope function

Answer 4

Protects chromatin from cytoplasm while still allowing substances to pass in/out of nucleus

Question 5

Nucleolus structure

Answer 5

Small dark spot IN nucleus
Made up of RNA
No membrane

Question 6

Nucleolus function

Answer 6

Makes RNA
Joins rRNA with proteins to form ribosomes

Question 7

Chromatin structure

Answer 7

DNA & histones that ate immersed in nucleoplasm

Question 8

Chromatin function

Answer 8

Package DNA

Question 9

Chromosome structure

Answer 9

Long threadlike structures of chromatin

Question 10

Chromosome function

Answer 10

Package DNA

Question 11

Ribosome structure

Answer 11

Small structures made up of 2 subunits of rRNA joined with proteins to
No membrane

Question 12

Ribosome function

Answer 12

Site of translation

Question 13

Rough ER structure

Answer 13

Complicated system of membranous channels and sacs, continuous with nuclear membrane studded with ribosomes on cytoplasm side

Question 14

Rough ER function

Answer 14

Synthesize, process, and modify proteins for cell membrane or to be secreted out of the cell

Question 15

Smooth ER structure

Answer 15

Complicated system of membranous channels and sacs continuous with rough ER

Question 16

Smooth ER function

Answer 16

Synthesize phospholipids for membranes

Question 17

Golgi apparatus structure

Answer 17

Looks like a stack of pancakes
Surrounded by vesicles

Question 18

Golgi apparatus function

Answer 18

Receives vesicles from ER and then collects, sorts, packages, and distributes them (eg. proteins, lipids) in cell

Question 19

Vesicles structure

Answer 19

Tiny membrane sacks produced by Golgi and endoplasmic reticulum that store substances

Question 20

Vesicle function

Answer 20

Transport within cell
2 types: transport vesicle (moves substance from ER to Golgi)
Secretory vesicle (moves substance from Golgi to cell membrane)

Question 21

Lysosome structure (only in animal cells)

Answer 21

Vesicles produced by Golgi containing hydrolytic (digestive) enzymes

Question 22

Lysosome function

Answer 22

Digest complex substances into simpler molecules within cell (recycling old cell parts)
Hydrolysis

Question 23

Mitochondria structure

Answer 23

Small double membranous, rod shaped structures

Question 24

Mitochondria function

Answer 24

Acts as the power plant of cell by carrying out cellular respiration to generate energy (ATP)

Question 25

Vacuoles structure (storage containers)

Answer 25

Large membranous sacks, larger than vesicles

Question 26

Vacuoles function

Answer 26

Long-term storage of substances in cells

Question 28

Cytoplasm structure

Answer 28

Watery gel between cell membrane and nuclear envelope

Question 29

Cytoplasm function

Answer 29

Support and suspend organelles Provide water Allows diffusion to occur in cells

Question 30

Cytoskeleton structure

Answer 30

Highly organized net of protein components that extend from nucleus to cell membrane

Question 31

Cytoskeleton function

Answer 31

Maintain cell shape and allow cell and organelles to move

Question 32

Microfilaments structure

Answer 32

Actin filaments

Question 33

Microfilaments function

Answer 33

Organelles move around the cytoplasm on these Give structure and support to cell membrane

Question 34

Microtubules structure

Answer 34

Largest fibre, cylinder shaped and made of tubulin (protein)

Question 35

Microtubules function

Answer 35

Anchor for organelles and monorail for organelle movement Used to make cilia nd centrioles

Question 36

Plasma membrane structure (cell membrane)

Answer 36

Composed of a bilayer of phospholipids with proteins embedded in it

Question 37

Plasma membrane function (cell membrane)

Answer 37

Separates its contents from nonliving environment Regulates movement of substances in and out of cell