cells and control Flashcards
(21 cards)
What are adult stem cells?
Stem cells that can differentiate into a limited range of cell types, e.g. bone marrow stem cells.
What is anaphase?
The third stage of mitosis in which the chromatids are pulled to opposite poles of the cell by spindle fibres.
What is asexual reproduction?
A form of reproduction involving a single parent that creates genetically identical offspring.
What is cancer?
A non-communicable disease caused by changes in the cell that lead to uncontrolled growth and division.
What is the cell cycle?
A series of events that take place in a cell, involving cell growth, DNA replication and cell division.
What is cell differentiation?
The process by which an undifferentiated cell becomes specialised for its function.
What is cell elongation?
The process by which cells expand and enlarge, enabling the growth of a plant.
What is the central nervous system (CNS)?
The brain and spinal cord.
what is the metaphase?
the second stage of mitosis in which the chromosomes align at the cell equator
neurones are…
nerve cells adapted to quickly transmit nerve impulses
neurotransmitters are…
chemicals that are used first communication between neurones and their target cells
stem cells are…
cells that are unspecialised and capable of differentiating into a range of different cell types
the telophase is…
the final stage of mitosis
synapse is…
A small gap between neurones across which a nerve impulse is transmitted via neurotransmitters
List the pathway of neurones involved in a reflex action ( reflect arc )
stimulus - sensory neurone - relay neutron - motor neurone - effector - response
stem cell uses
organ failure- growing new organs / parts of organs
treating parkinson’s - growing new brain cells
spinal and bone injury - growing new bone cells
how to make stem cells
neclei removed from egg cell
neclei from patient cell inserted into empty egg
egg starts to develop embryo
stem cells removed from embryo
stem cells turned into new cells
name the stages of mitosis (produces two identical daughter cells )
interphase, prophase, metaphase, early anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis
- end up with diploid cells
meiosis (produces 4 different daughter cells )
- end up with haploid cells
what is mitosis used for?
growth / repair
what is meiosis used for?
sexual reproduction ( gametes )
