natural selection and genetic modification

Question 1

who was Charles Darwin?

Answer 1

the scientist who developed the theory of evolution by natural selection

Question 2

what is evolution?

Answer 2

the gradual change in the inherited traits within a population over time

Question 3

a genome is..

Answer 3

the complete genetic material of an organism

Question 4

who is lucy and how old is she?

Answer 4

a 3.2 million year old female hominid fossil

Question 5

advantage and disadvantage of sexual reproduction

Answer 5

genetically diverse (a), mate required ( d )

Question 6

advantage and disadvantage of asexual reproduction

Answer 6

one parent, energy conserved (a) , genetically identical (d)

Question 7

name the 6 kingdoms (hint, sgfocp)

Answer 7

species, genus, family , order, class, phylum

Question 8

disadvantage of selective breeding

Answer 8

reduces gene pool

Question 9

two types of vector

Answer 9

plasmids and viruses

Question 10

how does genetic engineering work?

Answer 10

dna is cut out with a restrictive enzyme

the vector dna is cut open using the same restriction enzyme

dna left with sticky ends

mixed together with ligase enzymes

ligase join together to form recombinat dna

this dna is inserted into other cells

Question 11

health definition

Answer 11

a state of complete physical, mental, and social wellbeing

Question 12

hiv infects and kills …

Answer 12

white blood cells

Question 13

hiv is spread via…

Answer 13

bodily fluids

Question 14

physical barriers to stop pathogens -

Answer 14

skin
hairs and mucus in nose

Question 15

chemical barriers to stop pathogens

Answer 15

stomach hydrochloric acid

Question 16

how do white blood cells ( immune system ) attack pathogens

Answer 16

b-lymphocytes bind onto invading pathogen

so it can be found and killed by other white blood cells

antibodies produced

Question 17

how to be immunised

Answer 17

injecting dead or inactive pathogens into the body

trigger memory lymphocytes to be made

produces fast secondary immunity response

Question 18

example of antibiotic

Answer 18

penicillin

Question 19

preclinical testing

Answer 19

first tested on human cells and tissues

then live animals

Question 20

clinical testing

Answer 20

healthy human volunteers

Question 21

blind clinical trial means

Answer 21

the patient doesn’t know whether they get the drug or the placebo

Question 22

double blind trials mean

Answer 22

neither the doctor or patient knows whether they get the drug or placebo

Question 23

3 lifestyle factors that increase the chance of cardiovascular disease

Answer 23

nicotine- increases blood pressure

high blood pressure - damages artery walls , increase in heart attack or stroke

smoking - risk of blood clots , restricts blood flow leading to heart attack or stroke

Question 25

bmi =

Answer 25

weight / height ^2

Question 26

waist to hip ratio =

Answer 26

waist circumference/ hip circumference