CELLS AND ITS ORGANELLES

Question 1

__ are highly varied and highly organized structures

Answer 1

Cells

Question 2

Their forms and functions are DEPENDENT on the genetic
EXPRESSION by each cell type

TRUE OR FALSE

Answer 2

TRUE

Question 3

Bone, blood, nerve and muscle cells are ___

Answer 3

somatic cells

Question 4

Bone, blood, nerve and muscle cells are somatic cell, also calledas

Answer 4

body cells

Question 5

Somatic cells have TWO copies of the genome and are
said to be __

Answer 5

diploid

Question 6

Sperm and egg cells have only ONE copy of the genome
and are said to be

Answer 6

haploid

Question 7

___ lack nucleus as
opposed to the nucleated
cells of the eukaryotes

Answer 7

prokaryotes

Question 8

Cells are composed of macromolecules important in
biological processes. The major groups of these substances
are:

Answer 8

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids

Question 9

macromolecules that will provide energy

Answer 9

carbohydrates

Question 10

___ form MEMBRANES and HORMONES, provide INSULATION and
STORE energy

Answer 10

Lipids

Question 11

___ have many diverse functions in the body, and are
important in blood clotting, nerve transmission, muscle
contraction, and immunity, while others serve and catalysts

Answer 11

Proteins

Question 12

a macromolecule that is the most important in genetics

Answer 12

nucleic acid - dna and rna

Question 13

All cells are surrounded by a ___, a
covering that defines cell boundary

Answer 13

plasma membrane

Question 14

The ___ actively controls the movement of
materials in and out of the cell

Answer 14

plasma membrane

Question 15

The ___ provides biochemical identity at the surface of cells and the components of the coat that
establish cellular identity are under genetic control

Answer 15

glycocalyx

Question 16

The ___ is a membrane bound structure that houses
the DNA, which is complex with protein into thin fibers

Answer 16

nucleus

Question 17

During the nondivisional phases of the cell cycle, the fibers
are uncoiled and dispersed into ___

Answer 17

chromatin

Question 18

During mitosis and meiosis, chromatin fibers coil and
condense into ___

Answer 18

chromosomes

Question 19

The __, present inside the nucleus, is where
ribosomal RNA is synthesized

Answer 19

nucleolus

Question 20

In prokaryotes, the genetic material
is compacted into an unenclosed
region called the ___

Answer 20

nucleoid

Question 21

The DNA in prokaryotes is not
associated with proteins as is the
case with eukaryote

true or false

Answer 21

true, it is NOT ASOCIATED

Question 22

The remainder of the cell within the plasma membrane,
excluding the nucleus, is called as the ____ and
includes a variety of organelles

Answer 22

cytoplasm

Question 23

it serves as site for synthesis of fatty acids and
phospholipids,

Answer 23

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 24

appearing as rough as it is studded with ribosomes

Answer 24

rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 25

are sites of protein synthesis, guided by the information contained in the mRNA

Answer 25

ribosomes

Question 26

provide energy by breaking down nutrients from food. The energy liberated from food is captured and stored in the bonds present in a molecule called adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Answer 26

mitochondria

Question 27

The ___ are a pair of complex structure that are located in a specialized region called the centrosome.

Answer 27

centrioles

Question 28

These are associated with the organization of spindle fibers that function in mitosis and meiosis

Answer 28

centrioles

Question 29

The organization of ___ by the centrioles plays an important role in the movement of chromosomes during cell division

Answer 29

spindle fibers

Question 30

The ___ is a meshwork of protein rods and tubules that molds the distinctive structures of a cell, positioning organelles and providing three-dimensional shape.

Answer 30

cytoskeleton

Question 31

The cytoskeleton includes three major types of elements—

Answer 31

microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments

Question 32

the 3 major component of cytoskeleton is distinguished by

Answer 32

protein type, diameter, how they aggregate into larger structures

Question 33

a componnet of cytoskeleton that is long and hollow

Answer 33

microtubules

Question 34

a component of cytoskeleton that provide many cellular movements

Answer 34

microtubules

Question 35

microtubules is composed of a pair of protein called

Answer 35

tubulin

Question 36

distinct feature of microtubules is they formed ___ a hair like structure

Answer 36

cilia

Question 37

a component of cytoskeleton that is long, thin rods composed of many molecules of the protein ACTIN

Answer 37

microfilaments

Question 38

Solid and narrower than microtubules, they enable cells to WITHSTAND STRETCHING AND COMPRESSION

Answer 38

microfilaments

Question 39

a cytoskeleton that helps anchor one cell to another

Answer 39

microfilaments

Question 40

They have diameters intermediate between those of microtubules and microfilaments

Answer 40

intermediate filaments

Question 41

a cytoskeleton that are abundant in skin and nerve cells

Answer 41

intermediate filaments

Question 42

In actively dividing skin cells, it forms a strong inner framework that firmly attaches cells to each other and to the underlying tissue

Answer 42

intermediate filaments