Cells, Microscope and movement

Question 1

What are the 7 characteristics of living things?

Answer 1

1. Movement, 2. Respiration, 3. Sensitivity, 4. Growth, 5. Reproduction, 6. Excretion, 7. Nutrition
   Remember: MRS GREN

Question 2

What is the function of the cell membrane?

Answer 2

The cell membrane controls what enters and leaves the cell.

Question 3

What is the function of the cytoplasm?

Answer 3

The cytoplasm is the site of chemical reactions.

Question 4

What is the function of the mitochondria?

Answer 4

The mitochondria is the site of respiration.

Question 5

What is the function of the chloroplast?

Answer 5

The chloroplast is in plant cells only. It is the site of photosynthesis.

Question 6

What is the function of the nucleus?

Answer 6

The nucleus is the control center of the cell. It contains the DNA.

Question 7

What is the function of the cell wall?

Answer 7

The cell wall is the layer on the outside of the plant cell. It gives strength and support to the plant.

Question 8

What is the function of the vacuole?

Answer 8

The vacuole is found in plant cells only. It stores cell sap (food) for the plant.

Question 9

Which part of the microscope do you look through?

Answer 9

The eyepiece lens.

Question 10

Which part of the microscope do you place the glass slide on?

Answer 10

The stage.

Question 11

Which objective lens should you use first?

Answer 11

The low power objective lens.

Question 12

How do you calculate total magnification?

Answer 12

Multiply eyepiece lens x objective lens.

Question 13

How is a nerve cell specialised?

Answer 13

It is long and thin to transmit messages.

Question 14

How are red blood cells specialised?

Answer 14

They have no nucleus, so they can transport more oxygen. They are very small and disc shaped.

Question 15

How are sperm cells specialised?

Answer 15

They have a streamlined head and a long tail. They have lots of mitochondria to release lots of energy. This allows them to ‘swim’ long distances.

Question 16

How are root hair cells specialised?

Answer 16

They are long and have a large surface area. This means they can absorb lots of water and nutrients from the soil.
They are underground so they do not have any chloroplasts.

Question 17

What is diffusion?

Answer 17

Diffusion is the movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

Question 18

How does temperature affect the rate of diffusion?

Answer 18

1. Increased temperature will give the particles more energy. This increases the rate of diffusion.

Question 19

What is a unicellular organism?

Answer 19

A unicellular organism is an organism made up of only one cell.

Question 20

Give an example of a unicellular organism.

Answer 20

Bacteria, amoeba, Euglena are all unicellular organisms.

Question 21

How do unicellular organisms reproduce?

Answer 21

They reproduce by binary fission.

Question 22

Which type of cell does not have a nucleus?

Answer 22

Red blood cell

Question 23

A sperm cell has a tail to help it swim. What is the scientific name for this tail?

Answer 23

Flagellum

Question 24

What substance is the plant cell wall made up of?

Answer 24

It is made of a carbohydrate called cellulose

Question 25

Where does respiration take place

Answer 25

The mitochondria

Question 26

What is the function of nerve cells?

Answer 26

Nerve cells transmit 'messages' to the brain and muscles.

Question 27

All cells that have a nucleus are also called...

Answer 27

Eukaryotic cells

Question 28

Cells that do not have a nucleus are also called...

Answer 28

Prokaryotic cells

Question 29

Name 2 differences between a plant cell and an animal cell.

Answer 29

- A plant cell has a cell wall whereas animal cell does not. - A plant cell has chloroplast whereas an animal cell does not. - A plant cell has a large vacuole whereas an animal cell does not.

Question 30

What is the name of the piece of glass you put your specimen on when using a microscope?

Answer 30

Glass slide and then cover it with a cover slip

Question 31

What are the main functions of the skeleton?

Answer 31

The skeleton provides support, protection, movement, and makes blood cells.

Question 32

What is the scientific name for the collarbone?

Answer 32

The clavicle.

Question 33

What is the name of the long bone in the upper leg?

Answer 33

Femur

Question 34

Which bones are fixed/fused together to protect the brain?

Answer 34

Cranium

Question 35

What type of joint is found in the shoulder and hip?

Answer 35

A ball-and-socket joint.

Question 36

What type of joint is found in the elbow and knee?

Answer 36

A hinge joint.

Question 37

What is the role of cartilage in joints?

Answer 37

Cartilage reduces friction and acts as a cushion between bones.

Question 38

Name the two types of muscles in an antagonistic muscle pair.

Answer 38

The agonist (contracting muscle) and the antagonist (relaxing muscle).

Question 39

Give an example of an antagonistic muscle pair in the arm.

Answer 39

The biceps and triceps of the upper arm.

Question 40

How do muscles cause movement?

Answer 40

Muscles contract and pull on bones, which act as levers to create movement.

Question 41

What is the role of tendons?

Answer 41

Tendons attach muscles to bones.

Question 42

What is the smallest bone in the human body, and where is it located?

Answer 42

The stapes (stirrup) bone in the middle ear.

Question 43

What is a joint?

Answer 43

A joint is a place where two or more bones meet.

Question 44

How do ligaments help in joint movement?

Answer 44

Ligaments connect bones to each other and provide stability to joints.

Question 45

What is the difference between voluntary and involuntary muscles?

Answer 45

Voluntary muscles are under conscious control (e.g., biceps), while involuntary muscles work automatically (e.g., heart).

Question 46

How do antagonistic muscle pairs work together?

Answer 46

When one muscle contracts (agonist), the other muscle relaxes (antagonist) to allow movement.

Question 47

What is the purpose of the ribcage?

Answer 47

The ribcage protects vital organs such as the heart and lungs.

Question 48

What substance is found inside bones and helps make blood cells?

Answer 48

Bone marrow.