Cells and Microscopy Flashcards
(19 cards)
What are the two types of cells?
Prokaryote and Eukaryote.
What are Prokaryote cells?
They are bacteria cells with DNA not enclosed in a nucleus and range from 0.1 to 0.5 pm in diameter. They contain extra rings of DNA called plasmids and their cell wall does not contain cellulose.
What are Eukaryote cells?
They are animal and plant cells with genetic material enclosed in a nucleus, ranging from 10 to 100 pm in diameter, and contain a nucleus and organelles.
What are the two types of microscopes?
Light and Electron microscopes.
What are the characteristics of Light microscopes?
They have lower magnification (up to x2000), can show color, can use live samples, and have lower resolution.
What are the characteristics of Electron microscopes?
They have higher magnification, produce black and white images, use dead samples, and have higher resolution.
What is resolution in microscopy?
Resolution is how clear an object is.
What is magnification in microscopy?
Magnification is how big an object can look.
What does ‘1 order of magnitude’ mean?
It means x10.
What is the function of the nucleus in animal cells?
Contains genetic information and controls the cell’s activity.
What is the cytoplasm?
A jelly-like substance where chemical reactions happen.
What is the role of the cell membrane?
A semi-permeable barrier that controls the transfer of material.
What occurs in ribosomes?
Protein synthesis takes place in them.
What is the function of mitochondria?
Provide energy for the cell by carrying out cellular respiration.
What do chloroplasts contain?
Chlorophyll (green pigment) needed for photosynthesis.
What is the function of the vacuole in plant cells?
Stores extra water and sap, keeps the cell turgid.
What is the cell wall?
A rigid structure made of cellulose that provides shape and strength.
What are the main components of an animal cell?
Ribosomes, cytoplasm, nucleus, mitochondria, and cell membrane.
What are the main components of a plant cell?
Ribosomes, cytoplasm, nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts, vacuole, and cell wall.
