Digestive Enzymes

Question 1

What are enzymes?

Answer 1

Biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions.

Enzymes are protein molecules made up of long chains of amino acids.

Question 2

What is the active site of an enzyme?

Answer 2

The specific region where the substrate binds to the enzyme.

Question 3

What is a substrate?

Answer 3

The substance that an enzyme acts upon.

An enzyme only matches with a specific substrate.

Question 4

What is the first step in enzyme action?

Answer 4

The substrate enters the enzyme’s active site.

Question 5

What forms after the substrate binds to the enzyme?

Answer 5

An enzyme-substrate complex is formed.

Question 6

What happens after the enzyme-substrate complex is formed?

Answer 6

The enzyme catalyses the reaction.

Question 7

What occurs after the reaction is catalysed?

Answer 7

The products are formed.

Question 8

What happens to the products after they are formed?

Answer 8

The products leave the enzyme’s active site.

Question 9

What happens to the enzyme after the reaction?

Answer 9

The enzyme is unchanged and can be used again.

Question 10

What is amylase?

Answer 10

Amylase is a digestive enzyme that breaks down carbohydrates

Question 11

Where is amylase produced?

Answer 11

In the salivary glands

Question 12

What substance does amylase break down?

Answer 12

It breaks down starch into glucose.

Question 13

Where does the amylase break down starch?

Answer 13

In the small intestine.

Question 14

Where does the digestion of starch begin?

Answer 14

In the mouth.

Question 15

What is lipase?

Answer 15

a digestive enzyme that breaks down lipids

Question 16

Where is lipase produced?

Answer 16

it is produced in the small intestine

Question 17

What substance does lipase break down?

Answer 17

It breaks down lipids into fatty acids and glycerol

Question 18

Where does lipase break down lipids?

Answer 18

In the small intestine.

Question 19

What is protease?

Answer 19

a digestive enyzme that breaks down protein

Question 20

What substance does protease break down?

Answer 20

It breaks proteins down into amino acids

Question 21

Where does protease break down proteins?

Answer 21

In the stomach and small intestine

Question 22

Where is protease found?

Answer 22

It is found in the stomach, pancreas and small intestine

Question 23

What three factors affect the rate of enzymes?

Answer 23

Temperature, surface area and the PH level

Question 24

Why do the forces holding enzymes together break down?

Answer 24

They will break down if the PH level is wrong or the temperature is too hot.

Question 25

What affect does the wrong PH or temperature have on the enzyme?

Answer 25

The enzyme will denature; and it's active site will be affected. It won't be able to work.

Question 26

What is bile?

Answer 26

Bile is an alkali produced by the liver.

Question 27

What does bile do?

Answer 27

Bile emulsifies fat, which physically breaks them down into smaller droplets.

Question 28

Where is bile stored?

Answer 28

Bile is stored in the gall bladder and released into the small intestine.

Question 29

Why is bile useful to enzymes?

Answer 29

Bile neutralises stomach acids so that enzymes can work.

Question 30

What food test will test for starch?

Answer 30

Iodine solution will test for starch

Question 31

What chemical reaction will show if there is starch present?

Answer 31

If starch is present, it will turn blue/black. If there is no starch, then it will stay orange

Question 31

What chemical reaction will show if there is glucose present?

Answer 31

if glucose is present, the object will turn red. If there is no glucose present, it will stay blue.

Question 32

What food test will test for glucose?

Answer 32

Benedict's solution will test for glucose

Question 33

What food test will test for protein?

Answer 33

Biuret solution will test for protein

Question 34

What chemical reaction will show if there is protein present?

Answer 34

If there is protein present, it will turn purple. If there is no protein, it will stay blue.

Question 35

What is the function of the pancreas?

Answer 35

It makes and releases digestive juices containing enzymes

Question 36

What is the function of the stomach?

Answer 36

It churns food with digestive juices and acids

Question 37

What is the function of the small intestine?

Answer 37

it digests small molecules which are then absorbed into the bloodstream

Question 38

What is the function of the large intestine?

Answer 38

It passes water back into the body, leaving solid waste

Question 39

What are villi?

Answer 39

Villi are finger-like extensions which line the small intestine walls.

Question 40

What are three adaptations of villi?

Answer 40

It has a partially permeable membrane that allows food to pass through. It has a good blood supply so the food is quickly taken. It has one cell thick walls for easy diffusion.