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(Cells and systems) Flashcards

Study for the cells and systems unit test

1
Q

Nucleus

A

“Command Centre” Provides nutrients and growth to the cell

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2
Q

Cell Membrane

A

“Controllable gateway” Keeps good materials in, bad ones out

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3
Q

Cell Wall

A

“Frame” Holds strength and support to the cell

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4
Q

Cytoplasm

A

“Kitchen” Holds nutrients that the cell needs to keep it alive

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5
Q

Vacuole

A

“Storage room” Hold nutrients, water, sugars, and other substances needed

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6
Q

Mitochondion

A

“Powerhouse” where chemical reactions happen

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7
Q

Chloroplast

A

“Solar Panels” carry out the suns energy into food

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8
Q

6 characteristics of living things

A

Made up of cells, need energy, grow and develop, respond to the environment, reproduce, adaptations

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9
Q

Structure and function definition

A

Structure- A part of an organism that performs a specific task

Function- What does the task

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10
Q

Organs and Organ System Definition

A

Organs- Group of tissues that work together to perform a function

Organ system- Group of organisms that perform a task

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11
Q

What is the equation for organ systems

A

Cells—Tissues—Organs—Organ Systems

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12
Q

Microscope Definition

A

An instrument used in science to see things that can’t be seen to the naked eye

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13
Q

Compound Microscope Lenses

A

Ocular Lens= 10x

Objective Lens= 4x 10x 40x

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14
Q

Calculating Magnification

A

10 x 4= 40
10 x 10=100
10 x 40=400

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15
Q

What is 1000 μm in millilitre

A

1 milliliter

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16
Q

Cells Definition

A

Smallest organism, and structure of life

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17
Q

Tissues Definition

A

Groups of specialized cells

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18
Q

Organ Definition

A

Group of tissues that perform a special task

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19
Q

Organ System Definition

A

Group of organs that work together to perform a special task

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20
Q

Organelle Definition

A

Specialized structures found in an animal or plant cell that all have specific functions.

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21
Q

Why are cells so small

A

Because they function more efficiently when small

22
Q

Unicellular Organisms

A

Only ONE single cell

23
Q

Mycoplasma

A

Lack a cell wall so it is unaffected by antibiotics and harmful to humans and animals—Respiratory infections—smallest organism

24
Q

Amoeba

A

Move around and capture food using foot like projections called pseudopods

25
How does an amoeba gather food
Pseudopods---fuse together---make vacuole---food is digested through the cytoplasm
26
Paramecium
Lives in water, covered in hair like structure called cilia.
27
How does a paramecium gather food
Oral groove---channel lined with cilia---which sweeps food into the bottom---food enters vacuole---moves and then is digested in the cytoplasm
28
Multicellular organisms
TWO OR MANY CELLS!!! Plant and animal grow bigger by adding more cells, they reproduce
29
Unicellular organisms function
Must carry out all functions to keep the organism alive. Ex: Eat, move,get rid of waste, reproduce, react to stimuli
30
Multicellular organisms functions
Specialized cells carry out different functions, they rely on many specialized cells to perform functions and keep them alive
31
Why is it better to be a multicellular organism
Can live almost anywhere, get food from a lot of courses, cells work together
32
Why is it better to be a multicellular organism
Can live almost anywhere, get food from a lot of courses, cells work together
33
Why is it not great to be a unicellular organism
Can't grow very lardge, usually can only live in water or food rich environment
34
Cells exchange___________
Substances
35
Organelle is responsible for the________
Cell membrane
36
What are the 3 kind of membranes
Permeable, impermeable, selectively permeable membrane
37
What does the permeable membrane do
Allows ALL materials to cross
38
What does the impermeable membrane do
Allows NO materials to cross
39
What does the selectively permeable membrane do
Allows CERTAIN materials to cross
40
The cell membrane ___________
Acts as a filter with tiny holes that allow SOME particles to pass through
41
Diffusion Definition
The movement of a particles from an area of high concentration to low
42
Diffusion is a__________
Balancing out process that will continue until all the particles are evenly distributed, or reach an equilibrium
43
Why does diffusion happen in cells
Particles are always moving and colliding, want to go where there is more space (high to low concentration)
44
Osmosis definition
The diffusion of WATER through a selectively permeable membrane
45
Why does osmosis happen
The water want to move from a place of highsonsentration to low concentration, where there is fewer water molecules
46
What will happen if a cell is in salt water solution
Concentration of water is higher inside the cell than outside, therefore water moves out of the cell causing it to SHRINK
47
What will happen if the cell is in pure water
Concentration is lower on the inside then the outside, therefore water moves into the cell, causing it to swell
48
Cells also can________
Divide
49
Cells have specific that help them_________
Perform particular functions
50
Name 3 cells in the human body
Nerve cell, muscle cells, fat cells adipose cells
51
What are the 4 types of tissue in humans
Connective Epithelial Nervous Muscle
52
What are the 3 types of plant tissues
Photosynthetic/storage Protective Transport

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