UNIT A STUDY DECK Flashcards by Hennessy O'Sullivan

What is matter?

Anything that has mass and takes up space

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Define a fluid

-Any material that has no fixed shape
-Usually in a gas or liquid state
-Takes up space in the container it’s in
-i.e water and air

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What is a slurry

A mixture of solids in water

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What is slurry technology

Transport solids in water

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What is a pure substance

Have a unique set of properties
Are all 1 substance
Can not be separated

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What is a mixture

Contains 2 or more pure substances combined together

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What is another word for a heterogenous mixture

Mechanical mixture

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What is a heterogeneous mixture

Mixtures with different parts that can be seen

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What is another word for a homogeneous mixture

A solution

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What is a homogeneous mixture

Are mixtures that look like they only have 1 set of properties

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What is a suspension

Cloudy mixtures where solid particles do not dissolve in a liquid
Will separate if left out

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What is a colloid

Cloudy mixtures that have too small of particles to separate out

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Give an example of a solution, mechanical mixture, suspension, and a colloid

Steel,trail mix, sour cream, mayonnaise.

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What is a solute

The substance that gets dissolved

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What is a solvent

The substance that does the dissolving

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What does it mean to have a concentrated solution

Large amounts of solute in the solvent

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What does it mean to have a diluted solution

small amounts of solute in the solvent

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What does Unsaturated mean

A solution where more solute can dissolve

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What does saturated mean

a solution where no more solute can dissolve at a given temperature

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What does insoluble mean

Where a solute can not dissolve in the solvent

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What is solubility

The maximum amount of solute you can dissolve in a given amount of a solvent at a given temperature.

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What is a saturation point

The point of which no more solute can dissolve in the given volume of the solvent at a given temperature

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What are the 3 things solubility depends on

Temperature of solvent
Type of solvent
Type of solute

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As the temperature goes up, so does the solubility for solid/liquid
(True or false)

True
solubility increases as the temperature of the solvent increases

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As you increase the temperature in a gas, the more GAS dissolves (True or false)

False solubility of a gas in a liquid solvent decreases as the temperature increases

What solvent is called the universal solvent

Water

What is another name for water

Aquarius solution

What is the particle model of matter

All matter is made up of very small particles The particles may be attracted to each other Particles have gaps in between them Particles are always in motion (vibrate, slide, rotate)

What actually happens when dissolving occurs

Particles of the solute are attracted to the particles in the solvent

What happens when you mix 2 substances

(Particles are all different sizes) small particles of one substance fill in the spaces between the larger particles of the other.

What are the 3 things that can affect the rate of dissolving

Temperature- Higher the temperature, faster the particles dissolve Size of the pieces- To increase the surface area Stirring- Moving the particles

What are the 3 types of matter

Solid, liquid, gas

How can you tell if a fluid is a pure substance or solution

Do a paper chromatography test

What is thermal pollution

The release of excessive heat into the environment (Bodies of water)

How does paper chromatography work

It works through the absorption of the solvent up the paper to see if the solute being tested is a solution or a pure substance

How can you tell if a fluid is a pure substance or a solution?

If it is a solution, it will melt or change into different colors, if it is a pure substance, it will remain the same color

What does the distance a fluid travels tell us about its attraction to the paper

If the substance is really attracted to the paper it's not going to go fast at all

What is Viscosity?

How quickly a fluid (liquid or gas) flows

What does it mean when a fluid has a HIGH Viscosity?

Fluid flows slower

What does it mean when a fluid has a LOW viscosity

Fluid flows quicker

Give an example of a fluid with a high viscosity

Honey and dish soap

Give an example of a fluid with a low viscosity

Water, liquid spray sanitizer

What happens if you add heat to a liquid

The fluid flows faster

What happens when you add heat to a gas

The gas flows slower

What is the definition of density

The amount of matter in a given substance

If the density of a substance is greater than the density of the fluid, the substance will _____

sink

If the density of a substance is less than the density of the fluid, the substance will ______

float

If the density of a substance is the same as the density of the fluid, the substance will _______

hover

How does temperature affect density

The more energy added, the more the particles will spread and will take up more space

How does concentration affect density

Buy increasing the concentration, you increase the density (i.e. egg in salt water)

What is the force of gravity

A force that pulls down the object

What is the buoyant force

A force that pushed the object upward

What is the definition of a buoyant force

The tendency of an object to float

How does an object float

When the buoyant force is greater than the force of gravity

What are the 4 types fluid properties

Buoyancy, compressibility, density, and viscosity

What is a valve

Regulate the amount of flow

What is average density

Total mass of an object divided by the total volume

Compression definition

Extent to which a substance (solid, liquid, gas) can be compressed

What is the difference between gas compressibility and liquid compressibility

Gas is compressible, while liquid is not easily compressed

How can the particle model explain the difference in compressibility between gases and liquids

There is more space in a gas then a liquid or solid

What is pressure

The amount of force applied on a given area

What is pressure measured in

Pascals (Pa)

What is a hydraulic system?

A system that uses liquid under pressure (in a confined space) to move loads or transfer forces

What is a pneumatic system

System that uses a gas (i.e. air) under pressure (in a confined space) to move loads or transfer forces

Give an example of a hydraulic system

Car hoist

Give an example of a pneumatic system

Dentist drill, jack hammer

What must happen for a hydraulic system or a pneumatic system to work

It must be enclosed

What is the relationship between viscosity and flow rate

as viscosity increases, flow rates decreases.

What is the definition of a pump

A device that helps move fluid into something

What is pascal's law

An enclosed fluid transmits pressure equally in all directions