Cells and Tissues Lab Quiz Flashcards
What does transcription start with?
DNA
What is DNA made of and what is its structure?
4 nucleotides: adenine-thymine ; guanine-cytosine
double stranded helix
What do transcription factors do?
Bind and control transcription (+ or -)
What does RNA polymerase do?
Elongates and produces RNA transcript
Where does RNA polymerase start and end?
- Starts at promoter
- Ends at terminator
What does transcription end with?
Ends with mRNA
What is mRNA?
- Reverse compliment of DNA
- Thymine is now uracil
What does translation start with?
mRNA
What does the mRNA attach to in the beginning of translation?
attached to ribosome
What does tRNA do and what is its structure?
- transports specific amino acids
- 3 base anticodon that is the reverse compliment of mRNA
What are amino acids? How many kinds are there?
- Building blocks of proteins
- 20 kinds
What does a ribosome do?
- couples tRNA to mRNA
- incorporates AA into a polypeptide chain
What is a ribosome composed of?
Composed of proteins and mRNA
What does rNASE do?
- degrades mRNA
- down regulates expression of a gene
What does translation end with?
Ends with a polypeptide
What is needed for activation of a polypeptide?
Post-translational modification needed for activation
What is the order of the cell cycle?
- Interphase
- Prophase
- Metaphase
- Anaphase
- Telophase
- Cytokinesis
What happens in interphase?
The chromosomes are extended and in use during the G1, S, and G2 phases.
What happens in prophase?
The chromosomes condense, the nuclear envelope breaks down, and the spindle forms
What happens in metaphase?
The chromosomes line up on the central plane of the cell
What happens in anaphase?
The centromeres divide, and the chromotids move toward opposite poles
What happens in telophase?
The chromosomes uncoil, and a new nuclear envelope forms. The spindle fibers disappear.
What happens in cytokinesis?
The cytoplasm of the cell is cleaved in half.
What is good acronym to remember cell cycle?
IPMAT
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