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Neurology - Year 2 > Cells and Tissues of the Nervous System > Flashcards

Cells and Tissues of the Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What kind of cells are neurons?

A

Excitable cells

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2
Q

What are impulses through neurons carried as?

A

Action potentials

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3
Q

What kind of cells are glial cells?

A

Non-excitable supporting cells

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4
Q

What is the cytoplasm in the cell body of a neuron called?

A

Perikaryon

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5
Q

What is the cytoplasm in the axon of a neuron called?

A

Axoplasm

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6
Q

What are dendrites stimulated by?

A

Environmental changes of the activities of other cells

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7
Q

What does the cell body of a neuron contain?

A

Nucleus
Mitochondria
Ribosomes
+ other organelles

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8
Q

What does the axon of a neuron do?

A

Conducts nerve impulses (AP) toward synaptic terminals

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9
Q

What does the synaptic terminals do?

A

Affect another neuron or effector organ (muscle or gland)

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10
Q

What is the role of the myelin sheath?

A

Increases conduction speed in axons by saltatory conduction

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11
Q

What is the myelin sheath formed by in the PNS?

A

Schwann cells

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12
Q

What is the myelin sheath formed by in the CNS?

A

Oligodendrocytes

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13
Q

What is the clinical importance of the myelin sheath in multiple sclerosis?

A

Patchy loss/scarring of myelin sheath (demyelination) results in nerve conduction across affected axons to be abnormal = MS

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14
Q

What do glial cells in the CNS do?

A

Ependymal cells - Line ventricles

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15
Q

What do glial cells in the PNS do?

A

Satellite cells - Surround neuronal cell bodies

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16
Q

What do glial cells in the CNS contain?

A

Astrocytes
Oligodendrocytes
Microglia

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17
Q

What do astrocytes do?

A

Have end feet = surround synapses and capillaries

Help in K+ buffering

18
Q

What do oligodendrocytes do?

A

Myelination

19
Q

What do microglia?

A

Phagocytosis

Scar tissue formation

20
Q

What do glial cells in the PNS contain?

A

Schwann cells

21
Q

What do schwann cells do?

A

Myelination

22
Q

What is the blood brain barrier?

A

A protective mechanism that helps to keep a stable environment for the brain
Prevents harmful amino acids and ions in bloodstream + blood cells entering the brain

23
Q

Where are the exceptions where the BBB is absent?

A

In a few ‘circumventricular’ organs (e.g. parts of hypothalamus, posterior pituitary)

24
Q

What is the basic role of the cerebrum?

A

Consciousness

25
Q

What is the basic role of the cerebellum?

A

Balance and coordination

26
Q

What is the basic role of the brainstem?

A 
Vital centres (e.g. cardioresp.)
Pathway for fibre tracts
27
Q

What are the lateral ventricles?

A

C-shaped cavities that lie in the cerebral hemispheres

28
Q

What is the interventricular forament?

A

Connects lateral ventricles with the 3rd ventricle

29
Q

Where is the 3rd ventricle?

A

Cavity within the diencephalon

30
Q

Where is the cerebral aqueduct?

A

Lies in the midbrain

31
Q

Where is the 4th ventricle?

A

Lies in the hindbrain

32
Q

What is the dura mater structure like?

A

Tough
Fibrous
Has dural folds

33
Q

What is the pia mater structure like?

A

Vascularised

Dips into folds of the brain

34
Q

What is the subdural space?

A

Potential space traversed by blood vessels penetrating into the CNS

35
Q

What does the subarachnoid space contain?

A

CSF

36
Q

What is CSF?

A

Fluid inside the cavity of the brain and central canal of the spinal cord
Also present surrounds brain and spinal cord between meninges layers

37
Q

What is the CSF responsible for?

A

Maintaining intracranial pressure

38
Q

Where is CSF present?

A

Inside ventricles

Between pia and arachnoid

39
Q

Where is CSF formed?

A

By choroid plexus in each ventricle

40
Q

Where is CSF absorbed?

A

By arachnoid villi into sagittal sinus (venous channel in brain)

Neurology - Year 2 (12 decks)

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