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Neurology - Year 2 > Cerebral Hemispheres > Flashcards

Cerebral Hemispheres Flashcards

1
Q

What is a sulcus?

A

A dip

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2
Q

What is a gyrus?

A

An elevation

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3
Q

What is a fissure?

A

A larger dip

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4
Q

Where are grey and white matter found?

A 
Grey = on the surface
White = inside
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5
Q

What is the basal ganglia?

A

Collection of neuronal cell bodies buried in the white matter

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6
Q

What is the role of the corpus callosum?

A

Connects the 2 hemispheres

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7
Q

What is the role of the frontal lobe?

A

Motor function

Intellect

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8
Q

What is the role of parietal lobe?

A

Somatosensory

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9
Q

What is the role of the occipital lobe?

A

Vision

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10
Q

What is the role of the temporal lobe?

A

Hearing

Smell

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11
Q

Which part of the cerebral hemisphere is sensory and which is motor?

A 
Posterior = sensory
Anterior = motor
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12
Q

What are the medial portions of the cerebral hemisphere responsible for?

A

Storage and retrieval of processed information (limbic system)

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13
Q

What is area 4 of the brain?

A

Precental gyrus: primary motor cortex

Somatotopic representation of contralateral half of body

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14
Q

What area is the inferior frontal gyrus?

A

Area 44, 45 = Broca’s area of motor speech

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15
Q

What is the function of the prefrontal cortex?

A

Cognitive functions of higher order - intellect, judgement, prediction, planning

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16
Q

What is areas 3,1, 2 in the postcentral gyrus?

A

Primary sensory area

General sensations from contralateral half of body

17
Q

What is the role of the superior parietal lobule?

A

Interpretation of general sensory information and conscious awareness of contralateral half of body

18
Q

What is the role of the inferior parietal lobule?

A

Interface between somatosensory cortex and visual and auditory association areas
In dominant hemisphere - contributes to language functions

19
Q

What is areas 41,42 in the superior temporal gyrus?

A

Primary auditory cortex

20
Q

Where are the auditory association areas found?

A

Posterior to 41, 42 in dominant hemisphere (Wernick’es area)

Crucial for understanding of spoken word

21
Q

What is the role of the inferior surface of the temporal lobe?

A

Receives fibres from olfactory tract - conscious appreciation of smell

22
Q

What is area 17?

A

Primary visual cortex

23
Q

Where is the primary visual cortex?

A

Medial surface of the occipital lobe on either side of the calcarine sulcus

24
Q

What is areas 18,19?

A

Visual association cortex

25
Q

What is the limbic lobe involved in?

A

Memory

Emotional aspects of behaviour

26
Q

What makes up the limbic lobe?

A

Cingulate gyrus
Hippocampus
Parahippocampal gyrus
Amygdala

27
Q

What is Broca’s area?

A

Motor speech area

28
Q

What is Wernicke’s area?

A

Auditory association area - necessary for recognition of spoken word (dominant hemisphere)

29
Q

What is aphasia?

A

Problem with speech due to damage to one or more speech areas in the brain

30
Q

What occurs in Broca’s aphasia?

A 
Understands speech
Misses small words
Aware of difficulties in speech
Frontal lobe damage
Weakness/paralysis on one side of body
31
Q

What occurs in Wernicke’s aphasia?

A 
Fluent speech
New meaningless words
Can't understand speech
Not aware of mistakes
Temporal lobe damaged
No paralysis
32
Q

What are commisural fibres?

A

Connect corresponding areas of the 2 hemispheres (corpus callosum)

33
Q

What are association fibres?

A

Connect 1 part of the cortex with another

May be short or long

34
Q

What are projection fibres?

A

Run between cerebral cortex and various subcortical centres

Pass through corona radiata and internal capsule

35
Q

Where is the internal capsule found?

A

Narrow area between thalamus and caudate nucleus medially and the lentiform nucleus laterally

36
Q

What is the basal ganglia made up of?

A

Caudate nucleus
Putamen
Globus pallidus

37
Q

What do the caudate nucleus and the putamen receive?

A

Input from motor cortex, premotor cortex and from thalamus

‘Input regions’

38
Q

What are the output regions?

A

Globus pallidus

Substantia nigra

39
Q

What is the main function of the basal ganglia?

A

Help to regulate initiation and termination of movements

Neurology - Year 2 (12 decks)

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