cells, axons, neurons, classifications, and neuroglia

Question 1

what are neurons

Answer 1

• cells that send and receive signals

Question 2

what are neuroglia

Answer 2

cells that protect and support neurons

Question 3

Where can cell bodies be found in the CNS

Answer 3

gray matter

Question 4

Where can cell bodies be found in the PNS

Answer 4

ganglion

Question 5

Where can axons be found in the CNS

Answer 5

white bodies (tracts)

Question 6

Where can axons be found in the PNS

Answer 6

nerves

Question 7

what are nerves

Answer 7

bundles of axons that carry sensory information and motor commands

Question 8

what are the two types of nerves

Answer 8

cranial - nerves that originate from the brain
spinal - nerves that originate from the spinal cord

Question 9

Explain the CT in which nerves are arranged

Answer 9

endoneurium - surrounds a single nerve fiber (axon)
perineurium - surronds a nerve fascicle
epineurium - surrounds a bundle of fascicles (aka a whole nerve)

Question 10

what is a process

Answer 10

a long arm-like extension from the neuron’s cell body that helps transmit or receive electrical signals

Question 11

what is a anaxonic neuron? What type of classification is it?

Answer 11

• has more than two processes
• found in our brain
• classification: structural

Question 12

what is a bipolar neuron? What type of classification is it?

Answer 12

• has a cell body with 2 branches coming off
• is rare
• found in the nose, retina of our eye, and inner ear
• classification: structural

Question 13

what is a unipolar neuron? What type of classification is it?

Answer 13

• a single elongated process
• cell body is located off to the side
• found in the PNS
• classification: structural

Question 14

What is a multipolar neuron? What type of classification is it?

Answer 14

• more than two processes
• has a single axon and multiple dendrites
• found in CNS and PNS
• most common
• classification: structural

Question 15

What are the three functional types of neurons

Answer 15

sensory (they detect) - receiving and sending sensory information to the brain and spinal cord

motor (they respond) - sends information away from the brain and spinal cord to effectors

Interneurons (they process) - like a middle marker. They receive sensory information and send out a motor response

Question 16

what are ependymal cells? Are they a part of the CNS or PNS?

Answer 16

• line the central canal of spinal cord and ventricles of our brain
• make cerebrospinal fluid
• CNS

Question 17

What are microglia? Are they located in the CNS or PNS?

Answer 17

• remove cell debris, wastes, and pathogens
• CNS

Question 18

What are astrocytes? Are they located in the CNS or PNS?

Answer 18

• help maintain the blood brain barrier
• CNS

Question 19

What are Oligodendrocytes? Are they located in the CNS or PNS?

Answer 19

• help insulate and speed up electrical signals throughout neurons
• looks like an octopus; each of it’s tentacles wrap around axons to form myeline sheaths
• CNS

Question 20

What are satellite cells? Are they located in the CNS or PNS?

Answer 20

• surrounds cell bodies in the ganglia
• regulates the environment around the neuron
• PNS

Question 21

What are schwann cells? Are they located in the CNS or PNS?

Answer 21

• help insulate and speed up electrical signals throughout neurons
• wrap themselves like a crape around the neurilemma of axons
• one schwann cell sheaths one segment of axon
• PNS