Cells/Genetics Vocab/Terms Flashcards
(152 cards)
1
Q
Cisternae
A
Folds of Golgi Apparatus
2
Q
4 nitrogenous bases
A
Guanine, cytosine, thymine, adenine
3
Q
Second step of photosynthesis where ATP is used to create sugar in the stroma (Doesn’t need light).
A
Calvin Cycle
4
Q
Secondary Cell Wall
A
Thickest layer of the cell wall
5
Q
Connects RNA bases to DNA
A
RNA Polymerase
6
Q
The cell performs a series of checks before undergoing mitosis
A
G2
7
Q
Second step of making protein where the protein gets made in the ribosome
A
Translation
8
Q
The crease across a cell before it splits
A
Cleavage
9
Q
Exocytosis
A
Vesicles transporting material outside of a cell
10
Q
Hypotonic
A
Concentration inside of the cell is lower than the outside of the cell
11
Q
Unwinds DNA double helix structure
A
Helicase
12
Q
Network of proteins and fibers that provide structural support to the nucleus
A
Nuclear Matrix
13
Q
Aerobic process and the last step of respiration where Molecules’ proton and other molecules combine to make ATP in the mitochondria
A
Electron Transport Chain
14
Q
Process of copying DNA to make new strands
A
DNA Replication
15
Q
What ribosomes consist of
A
rRNA (Ribosomal RNA)
16
Q
Electron Transport Chain
A
Aerobic process and the last step of respiration where molecules’ proton and other molecules combine to make ATP in the mitochondria
17
Q
Process where cells engulf outside materials to take in through the cell membrane
A
Endocytosis
18
Q
Part of DNA that’s made up of repeating molecular unit
A
Polymer
19
Q
Glycolysis
A
First stage of cellular respiration where glucose gets broken down in cytoplasm
20
Q
DNA replication phase
A
S
21
Q
Gene
A
Section of DNA on a chromosome that determines traits
22
Q
Concentration inside of the cell is lower than the outside of the cell
A
Hypotonic
23
Q
Input - Output of Respiration
A
Glucose + Oxygen - CO2 + Water + Oxygen
24
Q
First stage of cellular respiration where glucose gets broken down in cytoplasm
A
Glycolysis
25
Package of DNA
Chromosome
26
Thing that adds matching nucleotides to the unwinded leading DNA strand
DNA Polymerase
27
Section of DNA on a chromosome that determines traits
Gene
28
Substance inside of the nucleus
Nucleoplasm
29
Cleavage
The crease across a cell before it splits
30
One trait caused by many genes
Polygenic Trait
31
Primary Oocytes
Make egg cells
32
Number of pairs of autosomes
22
33
Cell Eating
Phagocytosis
34
One gene that determines many traits
Pleiotropic Gene
35
G2
The cell performs a series of checks before undergoing mitosis
36
Passive transport
Transport without energy, good for oxygen and water
37
Isotonic
Concentration is the same inside and outside of the cell
38
rRNA (Ribosomal RNA)
What ribosomes consist of
39
Osmosis
Water going where there is less water
40
Cells with more than 2 chromosome sets (Plants)
Polyploid
41
Process that needs oxygen
Aerobic Process
42
First step of making protein where the nucleus transcribes DNA to a message and sends it to the ribosomes
Transcription
43
Nuclear Matrix
Network of proteins and fibers that provide structural support to the nucleus
44
Cytosis
Transport with vesicles
45
Cell splitting in 2, cell movement
Cytokinesis
46
Glues other parts of cell wall together
Middle Lamella
47
Phenotype
Physical Trait
48
Carries instructions to ribosomes to make proteins, made out of RNA Polymerase and DNA
mRNA (Messenger RNA)
49
Process in which cells make ATP from glucose
Cellular Respiration
50
Nucleoli
Synthesizes rRNA
51
Phase where the cell conducts a series of checks before entering the S phase
G1
52
Vesicles transporting material outside of a cell
Exocytosis
53
First phase of photosynthesis where light energy is stored as ATP in the thylakoid membrane (Needs light).
Light Dependent Reactions
54
Crossover
When chromosomes tangle and their DNA gets exchanged
55
Concentration inside of the cell is higher than the outside of the cell
Hypertonic
56
Warburg Effect
When glycolysis occurs even when there's enough oxygen
57
Aquaporins
Proteins that channel water
58
Nucleotides
Repeating molecular units
59
Exchanging pieces of genetic material
Recombination
60
Cellulose
Makes up plant cell walls
61
Number of pairs of sex chromosomes
1
62
Diffusion
Particles going where there is less particles
63
G1
Phase where the cell conducts a series of checks before entering the S phase
64
Repeating molecular units
Nucleotides
65
Interphase
The cell cycle phases before mitosis
66
Makes up fungi cell walls
Chitin
67
Polyploid
Cells with more than 2 chromosome sets (Plants)
68
Channel Proteins
Allow passage of water and ions through the cell membrane without using energy
69
Folds of Golgi Apparatus
Cisternae
70
Pleiotropic Gene
One gene that determines many traits
71
DNA Replication
Process of copying DNA to make new strands
72
DNA Polymerase
Thing that adds matching nucleotides to the unwinded DNA strand
73
Hypertonic
Concentration inside of the cell is higher than the outside of the cell
74
Polymer
Part of DNA that's made up of repeating molecular unit
75
Haploid
One set of chromosomes
76
The cycle that happens before and during when the cell replicates
Cell cycle
77
When glycolysis occurs even when there's enough oxygen
Warburg Effect
78
Recombination
Exchanging pieces of genetic material
79
Chitin
Makes up fungi cell walls
80
RNA Polymerase
Connects RNA bases to DNA
81
Mendelian Trait
One trait controlled by one gene
82
Microtubules
Long trail of protein rope
83
Polygenic Trait
One trait caused by many genes
84
Diploid
2 sets of chromosomes from each parent
85
Primary Spermatocytes
Make sperm cells
86
Heredity
Passing on of genetic traits from parents to offspring
87
Nuclear Envelope
Surrounds nucleus
88
Non sex cells that are diploid
Somatic Cells
89
This transport is useful moving things from a low concentration to a high concentration
Active transport
90
Passing on of genetic traits from parents to offspring
Heredity
91
Synthesizes rRNA
Nucleolus
92
Gametes
Haploid Sex Cells
93
Cytokinesis
Cell splitting in 2, cell movement
94
Water going where there is less water
Osmosis
95
S
DNA replication phase
96
Aerobic process where the mitochondria makes energized molecules for next phase of respiration
Krebs Cycle
97
Aerobic Process
Process that needs oxygen
98
Carries amino acids to make proteins
tRNA (Transfer RNA)
99
Active Transport
Transport using energy/ATP
100
One set of chromosomes
Haploid
101
Somatic Cells
Non sex cells that are diploid
102
Nucleoplasm
Substance inside of the nucleus
103
Krebs Cycle
Aerobic process where the mitochondria makes energized molecules for next phase of respiration, second phase
104
Pinocytosis
Cell Drinking
105
What makes up DNA
Deoxyribose + Phosphate Group +Nitrogenous Base
106
Proteins that channel water
Aquaporins
107
Haploid Sex Cells
Gametes
108
Middle Lamella
Glues other parts of cell wall together
109
Endocytosis
Process where cells engulf outside materials to take in through the cell membrane
110
Physical Trait
Phenotype
111
Light Dependent Reactions
First phase of photosynthesis where light energy is stored as ATP in the thylakoid membrane (Needs light).
112
mRNA (Messenger RNA)
Carries instructions to ribosomes to make proteins, made out of RNA Polymerase and DNA
113
When chromosomes tangle and their DNA gets exchanged
Crossover
114
Process that doesn't require oxygen
Anaerobic Process
115
These things allow passage of water and ions through the cell membrane without using energy
Channel Proteins
116
Helicase
Unwinds DNA double helix structure
117
Thickest layer of the cell wall
Secondary Cell Wall
118
Concentration is the same inside and outside of the cell
Isotonic
119
Transport with vesicles
Cytosis
120
The cell cycle phases before mitosis
Interphase
121
Cellular Respiration
Process in which cells make ATP from glucose
122
tRNA (Transfer RNA)
Carries amino acids to make proteins
123
One trait controlled by one gene
Mendelian Trait
124
RNA Primase
Adds matching nucleotides in the lagging strand in the beggining
125
Part in nucleus that synthesizes RNA
Nucleolus
126
M
Mitosis phase
127
Cell cycle
The cycle that happens before and during when the cell replicates
128
Chromatin
Loosely coiled, messy DNA
129
Calvin Cycle
Second step of photosynthesis where ATP is used to create sugar in the stroma (Doesn't need light).
130
Particles going where there is less particles
Diffusion
131
Mitosis Phase
M
132
Translation
Second step of making protein where the protein gets made in the ribosome
133
Long trail of protein rope
Microtubules
134
Nucleolus
Part in nucleus that synthesizes RNA
135
Chromosome
Package of DNA
136
Motor Proteins
Proteins that have the ability to move things along the cytoplasm
137
Stretchy, permeable, and thin layer of the cell wall
Primary Cell Wall
138
Makes up plant cell walls
Cellulose
139
Cell Drinking
Pinocytosis
140
Transcription
First step of making protein where the nucleus transcribes DNA to a message and sends it to the ribosomes
141
Anaerobic Process
Process that doesn't require oxygen
142
Loosely coiled, messy DNA
Chromatin
143
Surrounds nucleus
Nuclear Envelope
144
Primary Cell Wall
Stretchy, permeable, and thin layer of the cell wall
145
Phagocytosis
Cell Eating
146
Transport without energy, good for oxygen and water
Passive transport
147
Income - Outcome (Photosynthesis)
Water and carbon dioxide - Oxygen
148
2 sets of chromosomes from each parent
Diploid
149
Transport using energy/ATP
Active Transport
150
Make sperm cells
Primary Spermatocytes
151
Make egg cells
Primary Oocytes
152
Archaebacteria
Bacteria that live in extreme environments like hot springs and very salty water
