Cells of the Nervous System Flashcards
(28 cards)
What do neurons do?
Transmitting & Integrating information in the brain
A simplified neuron has…
A cell body, axon and dendrite
What do Glial Cells do?
Maintain an optimal environment for neuronal function
Astrocytes
Deliver Nutrients & Remove waste
Control extracellular environment
Schwann Cells and Oligodendrocytes
Provide a myelin sheath around axons
SC- PNS
O - CNS
wraps itself around the axon and winds itself tighter
Microglia
Specialised immune cells, main active immune defence in CNS
Ependymal Cells
Line the brain’s fluid spaces
Produce cerebrospinal fluid
Autonomic Nervous System
Deep internal structures (eg. gut, heart, blood vessels)
Somatic Nervous System
Superficially located structures (eg. skeletal muscles, eye, ear)
Afferent
Towards the brain
Efferent
Away from the brain
CNS
Brain and Spinal Cord
PNS
Entire body (except brain and spinal cord)
Nuclei, Fields, and Ganglia
groups of nerve cell bodies
N/F - in the CNS
G - in the PNS
Nerve tracts
bundles of axons from nuclei or ganglia
Sensory neurons
Afferent neurons
Transmit info from PNS to the CNS
Motor Neurons
Efferent Neurons
Transmit info from CNS to PNS
Interneurons
Within the CNS
Transmit info from one neuron to another
Neuroendocrine cell
Releases hormones into the blood supply
Input region
Dendrites and cell body
Integration region
Axon hillock
Conducting Region
Axon, sometimes myelin sheath
Output region
Axon terminals
Dendrites
cytoplasmic extensions of the cell body where inputs are recieved
