Cells & Organelles

Question 1

Very small and lack any internal compartmentalisation

Answer 1

Prokaryotic

Question 2

Typically larger and have major internal compartmentalisation

Answer 2

Eukaryotic

Question 3

What are some similarities between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells?

Answer 3

• Similar needs for gaining energy
• All cells contain generic material in the form of DNA
• Perform similar basic processes

Question 4

Structure and function of the Nucleus

Answer 4

Surrounded by double membrane with pores

Contains generic info of the cell (DNA) which controls all cell functions

Question 5

Structure and function of the Nucleolus

Answer 5

Membrane less structure within the nucleus

Where Ribosomes are made

Question 6

Structure and Function of the Smooth ER

Answer 6

Intra-cellular membrane that links with the plasma membrane (No Ribosomes)

Synthesis and Transport of lipids, detoxification of drugs and poisons in the cell

Question 7

Structure and function of the Rough ER

Answer 7

Intra-cellular membrane that links with the plasma membrane (With Ribosomes)

Synthesis, folding and modification of protein. Transport of protein, synthesis of membrane

Question 8

Structure and function of the Golgi Apparatus

Answer 8

Stack of flat membrane sacs called Cistemae

Final synthesis and packaging of proteins and lipids into vesicles

Question 9

Structure and function of Ribosomes

Answer 9

Small organelles often associated with endoplasmic reticulum or found free floating in cytoplasm

Site of protein synthesis

Question 10

Structure and function of Lysosomes

Answer 10

Membrane bound vesicle that contain powerful enzymes

Site for breakdown of debris and foreign material within the cell

Question 11

Structure and function of Vacuoles

Answer 11

Membrane bound fluid filled space

In plants: Used for storage
In animals: Used for intracellular digestion or water balance

Question 12

Structure and function of the Mitochondria

Answer 12

Many folded layers of membrane (increases surface area)

Powerhouse of the cell, turns nutrients into energy which is then used for all the cells

Question 13

Structure and function of Chloroplasts

Answer 13

Organelle composed of many folded layers of membrane (green due to chlorophyll)

Found in some plant cells, site of photosynthesis

Question 14

Structure and function of Cytoskeleton

Answer 14

Back bone of the cell

Network of protein filaments & tubules in cytoplasm that gives the cell shape, structural support and transport

Question 15

Structure and function of Centrioles

Answer 15

Pair of small cylinder structures composed of microtubes (animal and protist cells)

Involved in the separation of Chromosomes during cell division

Question 16

Structure and function of Cytoplasm

Answer 16

More then 90% water, contains ions, salts, enzymes, food molecules & organelles

Houses the bulk of the organelles (Cytosol is the fluid component of Cytoplasm )

Question 17

Structure and function of Vesicles

Answer 17

Membrane bound organelles

Associated with the transport within the cells (getting stuff from A to B)

Question 18

What are some similarities and differences between Plant and Animal cells?

Answer 18

Both are Eukaryotic cells
Animal cell has no cell wall, plant cell does
Animal cell is a round shape, Plant cell is rectangular
Vacuoles are small in animal cells and large in plant cells
Centrioles are in animal cells, rarely found in plant cells
Chloroplasts are not present in animal cells, plant cells have them
Cytoplasm, Ribosomes, Mitochondria, Plastids, Endoplasmic Reticulum (Smooth and Rough), Golgi Apparatus are all present