Enzymes Flashcards
(26 cards)
Proteins are m____________
Macromolecules
They are made of monomers called A_____ A____
Amino Acids
There are ___ Amino Acids that can be linked together via P____ Bond
20
Peptide
(Over 1000 combinations)
Proteins have 4 levels of structure. What are they?
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Quaternary
What is a Primary Structure?
Straight chains of Amino Acids bonded together by peptide bonds
What is a Secondary Structure
Coiling or pleating due to hydrogen bonding
What is a Tertiary Structure?
3D folding due to bonding between attractions or repulsions between the special R group on each Amino Acid
What is a Quaternary Structure?
2 or more proteins form protein aggregates
What is an Anabolic reaction?
Small molecules are combined to make larger molecules. Energy is needed. Building up reaction
What is a Catabolic reaction?
Large molecules are broken down into smaller molecules. Energy is given. Breaking down reaction
Enzymes are?
Organic catalysts made of protein
When naming enzymes, the cell names end with ase
What are catalysts?
Making something happen. Help to speed up the rate of a chemical reaction
What is an Active Site?
Cleft or pocket on the surface of an enzyme
What is a Substrate?
The substance that the enzyme bonds itself to
What is an Enzyme Substrate Complex?
When a substrate binds to an enzymes active site
How do Enzymes work?
Weakens the chemical bonds (enables them to be broken) this creates a new substance that fits into the active site. ENZYME IS NOT A PART OF THE REACTION!!
What are the two theories on enzyme reactions?
Lock and Key Theory
Induced Fit Theory
What is the Lock and Key Theory?
Substrate is drawn into the active site of the enzyme. Substrates shape must be compatible with the enzymes active site in order to fit and react. Enzyme modifies the substrate and the substrate is broken down releasing two products
What is the Induced Fit Theory?
Substrate molecules are drawn into the cleft of the enzyme. Enzyme changes shape, forcing the substrate to combine. The end product is released by the enzyme which returns to its normal shape, ready for more reactions.
What are some similarities between the two theories?
Enzyme modifies the substrate to fit The substrate is drawn into the enzyme Active Site Faster Reactions Substrates Enzymes
What are some differences between the two theories?
L&KT- Broken down into two products, not flexible, has to be a certain shape to fit, modifies the substrate
IFT- Is flexible, can be modified to fit the enzyme, when released enzyme goes back to original shape
What is the Activation Energy?
The energy to make a reaction occur
What effect do enzymes have on activation energy
Without enzymes the activation energy needed is very high, with enzymes the activation energy needed is very low.
What is Denaturation?
When heat changes the shape of the protein, which changes the shape of the Active Site. pH level can effect it as well. (If active site is changed it effects enzyme, it won’t do its job)
Denaturation: pH, temp, ionic strength, solubility
