Cells & their organelles Flashcards
(6 cards)
Explain the difference between the nucleus and the nucleolus.
The nucleolus is not enclosed in a membrane, and a nucleus has a membrane.
Explain why cardiac muscle cells will have very large numbers of mitochondria.
Mitochondria would be more abundant in cardiac muscles because the cardiac muscles are constantly active pumping blood all throughout the body, which means they require more energy.
How do the structural differences between smooth endoplasmic reticulum and rough endoplasmic reticulum relate to their function?
Rough endoplasmic reticulum has ribosomes attached to its surface, whereas smooth endoplasmic reticulum does not. As ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis, rough endoplasmic reticulum will be involved in the modification and transportation of proteins. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum on the other hand will synthesis and transport lipids.
Name three organelles or cell structures that you would look for when trying to distinguish between a plant and an animal cell. Make sure you describe which organelle belongs to which cell type.
1)I would look for a cell wall, plant cells have a rigid cell wall made of cellulose, which provides structural support and protection. This is not present in animal cells.
2) I would look for chloroplasts, as they are present in plant cells and are responsible for photosynthesis. Animal cells do not have chloroplasts because they do not carry out photosynthesis.
3) And I would look at the shape of the cell, plant cells have a more rectangular shape while plant cells are more round.
What two organelles do scientists believe support the endosymbiotic theory and the evolution of prokaryotes to eukaryotes?
Mitochondria and chloroplasts support the endosymbiotic theory because they both have their own DNA, resemble prokaryotes, and replicate independently within eukaryotic cells.
Describe the role of chloroplast in capturing radiant energy and creating useable energy
for cells.
Its purpose is to undertake photosynthesis. This involves capturing radiant energy and converting it into glucose — chemical energy — which the plant can use in cellular respiration to create ATP.
