Cells + Tissues

Question 1

What is Cell Theory?

Answer 1

1.) Cells are the building blocks of all life
2.) Cells are the smallest functioning units of life
3.) Cells are produced by pre-existing cells

Question 2

What are the three main regions of a cell?

Answer 2

Nucleus, Plasma Membrane, Cytoplasm

Question 3

What is the Nucleus?

Answer 3

The control center of the cell

Question 4

What does the nucleus consist of?

Answer 4

Genetic material (DNA/Chromosomes), Nucleolus, Nuclear Envelope with pores

Question 5

What is the Plasma Membrane (Cell Membrane)?

Answer 5

A double phosphorus bilayer that is a barrier for cell contents

Question 6

What does the Plasma Membrane consist of?

Answer 6

Proteins, cholesterol, and glycoproteins

Question 7

What is Cytoplasm?

Answer 7

Intercellular fluid between the nucleus and plasma membrane

Question 8

What does the cytoplasm contain?

Answer 8

Cytosol and Organelles

Question 9

What is Cytosol?

Answer 9

Jelly-like fluid that suspends other elements (organelles, ions, proteins, waste, nutrients)

Question 10

What are Organelles?

Answer 10

Structures that perform specific functions with the amounts being determined by the cell type

Question 11

What are Ribosomes?

Answer 11

Organelle that are made of protein and RNA, are the site of protein synthesis, are found at the rough ER and cytoplasm

Question 12

What is the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)?

Answer 12

Fluid-filled tubes that carry substances, two types (rough and smooth)

Question 13

What is the Rough ER?

Answer 13

ER that is studded with ribosomes and synthesizes proteins

Question 14

What is the Smooth ER?

Answer 14

ER that functions in lipid metabolism and the detoxification of drugs and pesticides

Question 15

What is the Mitochondria?

Answer 15

Changes shape continuously, carries out reactions where oxygen is used to break down food, provides ATP for cellular energy

Question 16

What is the Golgi Apparatus?

Answer 16

Modifies and packages proteins, produces secretory vesicles, cell membrane components, and lysosomes

Question 17

What are Lysosomes?

Answer 17

Contain enzymes produced by ribosomes, packaged by the Golgi Apparatus, digest worn-out or non-usable materials within the cell

Question 18

What are Peroxisomes?

Answer 18

Membranous sacs of oxidase enzymes, detoxify harmful substances such as alcohol and formaldehyde, break down free radicals, and replicate by pinching in half

Question 19

What is the Cytoskeleton?

Answer 19

A network of protein structures throughout the cytoplasm, provides the internal framework; three different types of elements: Microfilaments (largest) Intermediate Filaments and Microtubules (smallest)

Question 20

What are Centrioles?

Answer 20

Rod-shaped bodies made of microtubules, direct formation of mitotic spindle during cell division

Question 21

What are Cellular Projections?

Answer 21

Three types of projections: Cilla, Flagella, and Microvilli, Not found in all cells

Question 22

What are Cilla Cellular Projections?

Answer 22

Move materials across the cell surface, located in the respiratory system to move mucus

Question 23

What are Flagella Cellular Projections?

Answer 23

Propel the cell, the only flagellated cell in the human body is sperm

Question 24

What are Microvilli Cellular Projections?

Answer 24

Tiny fingerlike extensions of the plasma membrane, increased surface area for absorption, located in the digestive tract

Question 25

What are the phases of Cell division?

Answer 25

Interphase: growth, Cell Division: mitosis/meiosis, Cytoplasmic Division: cytokinesis, Differentiation: specialized cells

Question 26

What is Mitosis?

Answer 26

Cell division that is used for repair or growth, produces 2 genetically identical daughter cells, makes body cells (somatic cells)

Question 27

What is Meiosis?

Answer 27

Cell division that is used in reproduction, produces 4 genetically different daughter cells, makes sex cells (gametes)

Question 28

Stages of Meiosis

Answer 28

Prophase 1, Metaphase 1, Anaphase 1, Telophase + Cytokinesis, Prohase 2, Metaphase 2, Anaphase 2, Telophase + Cytokinesis 2

Question 29

Stages of Mitosis

Answer 29

Interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis

Question 30

How do cells become specialized?

Answer 30

When different sets of genes are turned off

Question 31

What cells connect body parts?

Answer 31

Fibroblast and Erythrocyte

Question 32

What are tissues?

Answer 32

Group of cells that function the same, composed of extracellular matrix

Question 33

What are the functions of Epithelium Tissue?

Answer 33

Protect the body surface, secretion of substances, absorption of substance, filtration of substances

Question 34

What are the characteristics of Epithelium Tissue?

Answer 34

Lots of cells, Always has one free surface, no blood vessels

Question 35

What are the Epithelium Cell Layers?

Answer 35

Simple=one layer, Stratified=more than one layer

Question 36

What are the functions of Connective Tissue?

Answer 36

Binds body tissues together, Supports the body, Provides protection, Insulates to maintain bod temperature, Transports of other molecules

Question 37

What are the characteristics of Connective Tissue?

Answer 37

Founs everywhere in the body, most abundant and widely distributed, blood supply varies, Composed largely of EC Matrix

Question 38

What is the function of Muscle Tissue?

Answer 38

To produce movement

Question 39

What are the characteristics of Muscle Tissue?

Answer 39

Tightly packed cells, highly vascular, more ATP, Elongated shape, contains actin & myosin

Question 40

What's the function of Nervous Tissue?

Answer 40

Communication, regulate body functions, carry electrical signals

Question 41

What are the characteristics of Nervous Tissue?

Answer 41

Non-regenerative, unique structures, long processes